直流無刷馬達有感測器控制及煞車回充控制之分析與實現

Abstract

在面臨能源危機的時代，電動車的煞車回充控制一定是不可或缺的，將平常電動車煞車時所產生的損耗能量回收，將馬達轉換為發電機的功能使能量回充至電池端，不但使電動車的使用時間增加，更加提升能源的使用效率，達到環保的概念。本文使用變頻器上電子開關做不同狀態切換的方法來達成目的，無須增加額外的硬體架構或者改變馬達內的繞组來達成電流回充，相對的減少了增加硬體架構的成本，並且利用DSP對一般市面上電動車常使用的三相直流無刷馬達(BLDCM)做為主要的控制方向，當觸發煞車訊號時，DSP則由正常運轉模式改變為能量回充模式，順代將馬達正常運轉時內部所累積的線圈的能量回收，不會因為電動車煞車而將能量損耗掉，可以同時達到煞車且能量回收的雙重目的，最後會利用模擬和實驗來分析此方法。

In the era of energy saving, the electric locomotive in regenerative braking control is indispensable. Electric cars will recover the loss of brake energy. The motor as a generator feeds the energy back to the battery. Regenerative braking control can not only increase the travelling millage of the electric car but also enhance the energy efficiency to meet eco needs. This thesis uses electronic switches on the inverter. The switches deploy different control states to achieve this energy efficiency objective. The proposed solution simultaneously achieves dual goals of the electric brake and the energy regeneration without using additional converter, or complex winding-changeover technique, and use DSP to control three-phase brushless DC motor for electric vehicles. When the brake signal is triggered, DSP will change to energy recharge mode from the normal operation mode, and the energy stored at circuit will flow back to battery at the same time. This action can achieve dual purposes of brake and energy recovery. Finally, the proposed method is verified through experiments and simulations.