汽車乘客勸阻駕駛人危險駕駛行為之研究

Abstract

過去有關交通事故的研究大多針對駕駛人自身的相關特性進行探討，然而在駕駛汽車的過程中，乘客也是影響駕駛人駕駛行為的一項重要因素。汽車乘客的行為可能干擾駕駛人，導致駕駛人分心而發生事故。同時，乘客也能夠在駕駛人做出危險的駕駛行為時給予適當的勸阻，以防止交通事故之發生。本研究利用乘客的風險感認、主觀規範、自我效能以及乘客勸阻行為來探討影響汽車乘客對駕駛人危險駕駛行為勸阻之因素。研究於新竹市監理站、火車站及高鐵站等地共蒐集289份有效問卷，搭配利用網路所蒐集之124份有效問卷，共計413份訪問樣本以進行結構方程模式之驗證及分析。研究結果顯示乘客的勸阻行為會受到乘客之風險感認、主觀規範以及自我效能所影響。另外，在乘客勸阻行為與其自身當駕駛人時接受乘客勸阻之態度有顯著的正向相關。

Previous studies about traffic accidents have mostly been concentrated on driver’s relevant characteristics, however, little attention has been paid on passengers’ behaviors which could also influence driver’s driving behaviors. Passengers’ behavior may bring distraction to drivers and result in an accident when driving on one hand, but passengers can also dissuade drivers appropriately while drivers are making some risky behavior and prevent the occurrence of an accident on the other hand. This study aimed to construct a structural model to verify the factors, including risk perception, subjective norm and self-efficacy, which affect automobile passenger’s dissuasion behavior. A total of 413 questionnaires, 289 face-to-face survey samples and 124 on-line survey samples, were collected for empirical study. The developed structural equations model was verified. The study results indicate that passenger’s dissuaded behavior is significant related to risk perception, subjective norm and self-efficacy. Also, passengers’ dissuasion behavior was found to be positively correlated with the acceptance attitude of being dissuaded.