以熱處理及化學處理進行太陽能模組回收之比較研究

Abstract

地球上還有許多的能源可以利用如太陽能、地熱、風力、生質能源等，太陽能所產生的電能若能加以利用，可有效解決能源短缺的困擾，因此發展太陽能一直是世界各國尋求替代能源的重要目標之一。太陽能模組的使用年限約 20-25年，早期裝置的太陽能模組目前已達到使用年限，會有後續產生廢棄物處理之問題，本研究將探討如何處理其後續產生之廢棄物。 本研究分別以熱處理與化學處理方法，進行太陽能模組拆解後的回收效益比較，結果顯示若使用熱處理方法，其處理溫度在超過450oC，可達到拆解太陽能模組之目的，回收率可達85%以上，但所需處理間長達六個小時以上。若使用化學溶劑並利用加熱攪拌至沸騰方法，則可在短時間內將模組快速拆解，其處理時間與成本皆只有熱處理的三分之一，而回收率亦可達98%以上，且本研究所使用之溶劑毒性與成本皆較其它溶劑低，而且能重覆使用，再來溶劑本身亦可作為燃料再次利用，因此可降低溶劑對環境的污染；但若以此方法進行太陽能模組處理，則需先將模組打碎方可進行太陽能模組之拆解。因此，以化學處理方式進行廢棄太陽能模組拆解在處理效益上會比熱處理好，唯此方法無分離EVA與太陽能電池，此部份可另外再進行新的研究主題。

There are many kinds of energy such as solar power energy, terrestrial heat energy, wind power energy and biodiesel energy on earth. If one can use solar power energy to generate more electric power, then the problem of energy shortage can be effectively solved. Therefore, developing the solar power energy is a very important target around the world. Usually, the life span of a solar module is about 20 to 25 years. As time goes by, the early stage equipment will face the life span expired and need to be eliminated. The expired solar module will cause waste problem. And therefore this research tends to study on the handling of discarded solar module. This study uses the heat treatment and the chemical treatment to decompose the solar module and compare their recycling benefits. If using heat treatment, the process temperature should be higher than 450oC to decompose the solar module and the recycling percentage can be higher than 85 %. However, it takes long time of about 6 hours on the waste treatment. If using chemical solvent and heat stirred method to reach the boiling point, then it can decompose the module within very short time. Its handling time and cost will be only one-third comparing with using heat treatment and the recycling percentage can be higher than 98 %. Besides, the solvent used in this study has lower toxicity and cost and it can be reused again or as a fuel source to avoid the environmental pollution. Therefore, using chemical treatment to decompose waste solar module is better and more effective than using heat treatment method. However, this method cannot separate the EVA and solar cell, which should be investigated as a new research topic.