生鮮產品考慮貨架壽命之生產分配

Abstract

隨著消費者對於生鮮產品的需求品質提升，廠商在產品製造流程中的控管更顯得其重要性存在，無論是在產品製造或是儲存時都不可懈怠，且生鮮產品大多具有對時間敏感性、易腐性且貨架壽命短的特性，我們必須發展完善的存貨系統來降低生鮮產品的腐壞。若是能利用貨架壽命來對產品分級，不同品質的生鮮產品可以相互替代來出貨，對於控制存貨數量有很大的幫助，可幫助廠商在每期生產排程中找出最適當的生產量，亦可提高廠商最大利潤。 有鑑於此，本研究藉由歸納影響生鮮產品貨架壽命因素，並根據貨架壽命區分出產品等級，且訂定出各級最適價格，各等級產品間可以進行替代性供貨與考慮缺貨的情況下，以整數規劃(Integer Programming, IP)方法建構出「生鮮產品考慮貨架壽命之生產分配」模式，透過模擬範例資料求解出利潤最大化之結果，並解得知廠商在每期生產中分配到最適生產的數量。分析結果顯示，當各等級產品進行替代性供貨時，能提高所得利潤，且能降低存貨數量。而由敏感度分析中可以得知，價格折扣率的設定對於利潤的影響較為顯著，須更加謹慎的設定價格折扣率的數值。由求解結果以及分析，讓業者在重要參數設定或管理上能更加準確。

As the times goes by, the quality of products plays an important role to consumers when they decide what products they choose to buy. Therefore, the producing process of products and the controlling of management become a major section for manufactures. Not only for producing but also for storage has the same importance. Fresh products are temperature-sensitive, perishable and having short shelf life. In order to maintain the quality of the fresh products, we should develop a mature system to monitor and reduce the perishability or waste for the quality of products. If we can classify these products by the remaining of products’ shelf-life, it would be convenient for manufactures to make the operational decisions efficiently, and it can also help manufactures reach the maximum profit. This study summarized the factors of affecting shelf life of fresh products and to differentiate the product level according to shelf life, and determining the price levels between the grades. Considering the alternative supply to customers, this study constructs a “Production Allocation with Consideration of Shelf Life for Fresh Products” model with using the integer programming method. This study use the simulation data in order to get the maximum revenue result. The results show that when each grade products for alternative supply, can improve profits, and can reduce the amount of inventory. The sensitivity analysis can be learned from the set price discount rate is more significant impact target value, the value must be more cautious in setting the price discount rate. With the results and analysis, logistics management industry make more profit on inventory management, and to set the parameters can be more precise.