聯電的過去、現在與未來發展

Abstract

聯電，一家台灣半導體產業的始祖，其歷史堪稱為產業發展過程中最具代表性的演進，本文將透過探究聯電從成立至今的策略定位、經營模式，由公司各階段的財務表現了解對公司經營績效的影響，並以產業龍頭台積電作為比較對象。

本文整理兩家公司相關財務數據加以比較，並將聯電經營歷程分為三個階段(成長期、衰退期、收斂期)加以闡述說明。依財務數據顯示，聯電雖已排名為晶圓代工產業的第二位，但除了初期成長階段各項財務表現與台積電並駕齊驅外，中後期的績效則較台積電相去甚遠，差距甚至逐步被拉大，顯示聯電各階段經營策略的決定，對公司後續的經營績效表現有重大的影響。

UMC, an ancestor of Taiwan's semiconductor industry, its history is the most representative evolution in the industrial development process. This article researches UMC’s strategic positioning and business model in every step since UMC was established to understand the impact on the company's operating performance, and chooses TSMC, the industry leader, as the compare object. This article compared UMC’s relevant financial data with TSMC’s and elaborated UMC’s operating history which was divided into three stages (growth stage, decline stage and convergence stage). Although UMC gets the second in the foundry industry, according to financial data, except growth period that UMC kept pace with TSMC, UMC’s performance was relatively far from TSMC in mid- and late stage, even gradually widened the gap. It displayed that the business strategy decision of every stage had a significant impact on the company's subsequent operating performance.