大型購物中心緊急應變體系個案研究

Abstract

大型購物中心在近幾年不斷增加，也成為國人購物及休閒的重要場所。購物中心內不僅消防設備必須齊全，購物中心的管理單位與賣場內之工作人員亦需要有一套完備的緊急應變機制，才能在災害發生後將傷害減至最低。 本研究透過半結構式訪談我國某大型購物中心及進駐此購物中心廠商，以了解消防緊急應變實際情況。根據訪談結果得知，購物中心與進駐廠商的應變計畫與應變組織並未整合，進駐廠商並未確實進行自衛消防編組的編定與例行訓練，對於火災以外的其他災害或緊急事件並無較完整的應變機制與訓練，因此災害時是否可以有效應變尚有疑慮。根據結論提出幾點建議：購物中心的應變組織應除安全部門以外也應納入其他必要的部門，以便改善人力不足的狀況，有效應變、並要求進駐廠商將消防教育訓練納入新進員工訓練課程內、並要求購物中心應檢視進駐廠商自衛消防編組且於其他類別災害或緊急事件發生時也可啟動運作。

The number of shopping malls has increased rapidly in recent years. Shopping malls have become one of the most popular places for leisure during weekends and holidays in Taiwan. Therefore, it is crucial to for the shopping malls to have well-functioning fire protection systems and sound emergency operation capability in order to minimize damages during disasters. In this study, interviews was conducted with the managers of the shopping mall itself and retail shops to gather information on the emergency management systems, emergency operation plans and procedures, and staff training. According to the results of the interviews, the emergency response plans and emergency response organizations were not integrated between the retail shops and shopping mall. Most retail shops have not established appropriate fire response procedures and regular training. Consequently, the effectiveness of fire response system is questionable. Three suggestions were made based on the conclusion. First, shopping malls emergency response organizations should also be incorporated into other necessary sectors, in addition to the security sector, in order to improve the situation of manpower inadequate. Secondly, new employees should have basic education and training on emergency response of fire. Last but not least, shopping mall managers should oversee the preparedness and drills of retail shops with respect to fire and other types of emergency.