閱讀精神病

Abstract

佛洛伊德自始便企求能夠將當時定義未明的精神病，特別是妄想症編納入其系統化的知識之內。直到佛洛伊德著作晚期，仍然可見精神分析跨入精神病境地的想望。但精神病這個難題始終不被自詡為科學的精神分析知識所馴服。若精神分析為研究意識之外者－無意識－的學說，則精神病這個不被知識馴化的課題是否構成吾人意識之外的之外？一種無意識的無意識？精神病之於精神分析，正有如歇斯底里之於十九世紀末的精神醫學。歇斯底里研究顯示出精神分析之特殊性；但唯有精神病研究才能讓我們詰問精神分析本質性的局限與內在跨越界線的知識慾望。處於類似的處境，拉岡(J. Lacan)不也是透過妄想症研究而從傳統精神醫學踏入精神分析？因此，毫無疑問地，要探討精神分析學之知識論本質，不得不經由精神病與精神分析關係的重新反省。

From the very beginning of his career, Freud wants to include the psychoses, very badly defined in the nosography of that time, in his new strongly systematized science. The trace of such an ardent desire of theorization remains perceptible even at the end of Freud's work. However, the psychoses will not allow themselves to be seized by psychoanalysis, which claims the right to be a science. If psychoanalysis is the science par excellence for enquiring into the beyond of consciousness, i.e. the unconscious, then the psychoses, indomitable by any knowledge, don't they constitute the beyond of the beyond of our consciousness? A kind of unconscious of the unconscious? Psychoses are to psychoanalysis, precisely as hysteria is to the psychiatry of 19th century. Studies on hysteria show the specificity of the psychoanalysis compared to psychiatry, but it is only the study of psychoses that enables us to enquire into the very limits of psychoanalysis and on its eternal desire to transgress the limits. It is also by way of psychoses that J. Lacan enters from traditional psychiatry into psychoanalysis. Thus, it appears unavoidable to us that the study of the fundamental epistemology of psychoanalysis must be accompanied by a new consideration of the relation between psychoses and psychoanalysis.