陳黎詩作的「拉美」：翻譯的跨文化與互文研究

Abstract

譯詩、論詩又寫詩的作家在台灣並非異數，但能在譯介對象歐、亞、非、美洲兼顧的詩人大概非陳黎莫屬。陳黎的譯作跨越不少國界，而其創作則是跨越不同文化（音樂、繪畫、外國文學），在講究全球文明對話的時代，陳黎多樣越界的選擇裡，對形式的大膽實驗，對女性、少數族群和第三世界的關切，是很值得我們留意的。現今已有數篇論文以後現代主義和後殖民論述處理陳黎的作品，在其又本土又前衛的特質裡，陳黎確實建構了一則台灣詩學的奇景。然而，若是透過跨文化的理解，陳黎作品彰顯的意義應當不只本土和前衛。本文將就其翻譯的大宗－拉美新詩為討論的起點，思考陳黎在創作中所受到的影響。詩人自認從拉美詩的翻譯，而有了模擬轉化之作，這種把拉美文化暗渡到台灣的文學工作，如何解消將美國化當作國際化的迷思？經過文化翻譯之後，陳黎的挪用／改寫如何構成其詩作的獨創性？透過譯詩和創作的剖析，又能達成怎樣的文化比較面向？凡此種種，皆是本文的研究重心，期待透過陳黎的詩翻譯與再創造，闡釋翻譯的跨文化和互文研究，進而建構詩人自身的詩美學。

A number of Taiwanese authors can write, comment on, and translate poetry. However, Li Chen, among others, is probably the only one who translates poetry with different origins, covering Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. Li Chen's translations cross national boundaries, and his own works (including music, painting, and foreign literature) also cross various cultures. With the rise of global civilization, Li Chen's works deserve more critical attention owing to his integration of various cross-cultural topics, innovative experimentation on the form, and great concern about women, minority groups, and the third world.Li Chen's works have been discussed from the perspectives of postmodernism and postcolonialism. Exhibiting both local and avant-garde features, Li Chen's works have constructed the spectacle of Taiwanese poetics. However, through the interpretative lens of cross-culturalism, we discover something more than local and avant-garde in Li Chen's works. Starting with the discussion of Li Chen's substantial translations of Latin American poetry, this article examines how Li Chen's translations influence his creative writing.Li Chen regards his experience of translating Latin American poetry leads him to mimic and transform the poems. This article seeks to address the following questions. How can we explicate Li Chen's attempt of transferring Latin American culture into Taiwanese literature as a way to break the myth of treating Americanization as Internationalization? After cultural translations, how does Li Chen create the unique features of his poetry by appropriating and rewriting Latin American poetry? Which perspective of comparative culture can be generated from examining Li Chen's translated poems and his own works? By analyzing Li Chen's poetry translation and creation, we hope to construct Li Chen's cross-cultural and intertextural poetics.