運用物件導向技術於IFC建築資訊

Abstract

在建築物生命週期，從規劃、建築設計、工程分析、估價發包、施工乃至營運維護，無時無刻需要進行資訊交換；然而資訊交換卻沒有一套共同標準，使得資訊在交換過程中時常發生錯漏，或是相同的資訊卻要重新建檔，再用性不佳，管理上也相當不易。由IAI(International Alliance for Interoperability)國際組織提出的IFC(Industry Foundation Classes)是一種公開的資訊交換標準，目的在使整個建築物生命週期的所有資訊能夠整合在一個建築資訊模型中(BIM, Building Information Model)，讓生命週期中所有軟體能夠共享、交換資訊。

本研究由物件導向的觀點探討IFC規格(Specification)設計與實作(Implementation)方式，介紹兩種免費的IFC實體檔案存取應用程式介面(API, Application Programming Interface)，並探討其IFC資訊存取方式。

本研究並運用物件導向技術，自行撰寫程式將IFC Entity規格轉換為.Net Framework類別(Class)，再以類別庫(Class Library)封裝。此類別庫提供較直觀的IFC應用程式開發方式，並能夠運用物件導向於系統開發。本研究最後使用所建置之類別庫開發以Plug-In為架構的IFC BIM系統，並開發一些Plug-In元件進一步示範如何應用類別庫，包含: 3D建築模型瀏覽、建築物框架建模、樑柱斷面資訊瀏覽Plug-In元件。

Information exchange is an important issue during the life circle of a building. However, the lack of exchange standard usually results information leakage and low efficiency. IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) which introduced by IAI (International Alliance for Interoperability) is an open standard for information exchange. IFC aims to describe all the information relating to a building’s life circle and integrates them into a Building Information Model (BIM). Consequently, information can be exchanged and shared via BIM.

This research discusses the specification and implementation of IFC in an Object Oriented approach. Two charge-free APIs (Application Programming Interface) are discussed.

Additionally, this research introduces an IFC based .Net Framework class library which provides an easier and safer way to access IFC file. Also, this class library can be easily applied to Object Oriented programming. Finally, this research presents a Plug-In based IFC system, and demonstrates how to use this class library to develop Plug-In component, includes 3D building model viewer, building infrastructure builder, and beam/column profile viewer.