高雄港貨櫃起重機司機員排班作業之研究

Abstract

橋式起重機為貨櫃碼頭之主要裝卸機具，而操作起重機裝卸作業人員則為貨櫃碼頭貨物裝卸流程中最主要的作業人員，其排班方式由於船舶靠港時間、裝卸量及其他不確定因素的影響，使得司機員之指派作業有別於一般企業的人員排班。我國國際港埠之貨櫃碼頭目前對於司機員之排班大都仍採取人工經驗法則排班，此種方式除了比較耗費時間之外，所排出的班表亦有若干缺點及待改進之處。

本研究首先針對貨櫃碼頭中司機人員之排班問題深入了解其作業現況及目前排班方式之缺失及問題，並且依據現況人工排班之經驗法則與公司排班規則，利用數學規劃方法進行模式之構建與求解，再依據所構建之模式進行電腦程式之設計，除可代替人工作業，節省排班時間外，並可求解出不同目標式與司機員人數之排班結果

本研究並以國內E航運公司為個案，依據其實際排班相關規則，50名司機員及一週船期之排班資料作為測試案例，應用套裝軟體ILOG OPL Studio求解。研究結果顯示，數學規劃排班模式除可代替現行的人工指派方式，提升排班效率外，亦可大幅改善目前勞逸不均之情形。而偏好休假之模式更可在以兼顧業主及勞工意願之原則下完成排班，提供另一種排班的參考方式。

Gantry crane is the main equipment of loading and unloading containers in seaport terminals, and the quay crane operators are the main workforce of container terminals. The characteristics of gantry crane operators scheduling are different from those of other industries due to uncertain mooring time of ships and inconsistent loading and unloading amount of containers. The Container Terminal of most international ports in Taiwan at present use manual scheduling based on some rule of thumb, it will be in addition to waste time on this method, the result of scheduling also have some defects needs to improve. In this search, we first study the characteristics of gantry crane operators scheduling, and problems of present scheduling operators, then in accordance with the scheduling of existing manual rule of thumb and company's rules, use Mathematics Programming to formulate a scheduling model. According to the model, then we design the computer program to solve it. It can not only replace manual operation and save scheduling time, but also resolve the result of different number of operators. The model is applied to a case study of a shipping company. Using real world data of 50 operators and the Shipping Schedule of a week, obtained from the studied company and solved by the commercial optimization software OPL. The results show that the model can either replace current manual scheduling to increase scheduling efficiency, and improve the labors aniso-average. Preferences of rest model which consider both sides of proprietor and labors to provides many useful information for manpower planning and management for shipping company.