影響台灣地區國際觀光旅館成本效率之因素：隨機邊界法之應用

Abstract

本論文採用一階段隨機邊界分析法（Battese and Coelli, 1995）衡量1997-2006年間台灣地區66家國際觀光旅館之成本效率，同時探討造成無效率之因素。本模型中使用三產出項，分別為觀光旅館客房收入、餐飲部收入和其他營運收入，而三投入價格則是勞動價格、其他營運價格和餐飲部價格，同時也納入五項環境變數：位處風景區之虛擬變數、加入連鎖飯店系統之虛擬變數、導遊人數、到桃園國際機場的最短距離、及到高雄國際機場的最短距離。由實證結果顯示，台灣地區國際觀光旅館平均營運的成本效率值為91.15%。加入連鎖飯店系統、增加導遊人數、鄰近國際機場，皆與國際觀光旅館之成本效率具有顯著正向影響，而有助於觀光產業之發展。

A one-stage stochastic frontier approach (SFA) is used in this study to simultaneously estimate cost efficiency scores and factors of cost inefficiency for 66 international tourist hotels in Taiwan during 1997-2006. An SFA model with three outputs and three inputs is defined. The three outputs are room revenue, food and beverage revenue, and other operation revenue while the three inputs are price of labor, price of other operation, and price of food and beverage. This model also takes into account five environmental variables, including dummy variable of the hotels located in non-metropolitan area, dummy variable of chain hotels, the number of tourist guides, the minimum distance from each hotel to Taoyuan international airport and the minimum distance from each hotel to Kaohsiung international airport. Empirical results show that international tourist hotels in Taiwan are on average operating at 91.15% cost efficiency. All nominal variables are transformed into real variables in 1997 prices by GDP deflators. Chain systems, tourist guides, and international transportation can significantly improve the cost efficiency of international tourist hotels in Taiwan.