青少年雙向度完美主義、憂鬱情緒類型與正向情感之關係研究：以主觀成就壓力、因應策略為中介或調節變項

Abstract

本研究旨在探討青少年雙向度完美主義與其憂鬱情緒類型、正向情感之關係中，主觀成就壓力和因應策略所扮演的中介或調節角色。本研究以「青少年雙向度完美主義量表」、「主觀成就壓力量表」、「青少年因應策略量表」、「憂鬱症狀量表」與「正向情感量表」為測量工具，採分層叢集抽樣，分別抽取台灣北、中、南區共十三所公私立高中職，蒐集有效樣本958份，並以單因子多變量變異數分析、獨立樣本t檢定、皮爾森積差相關及階層迴歸分析等統計方法考驗假設。主要研究發現如下：1. 青少年男女生在雙向度完美主義、主觀成就壓力、因應策略及憂鬱情緒類型的得分有明顯差異，在正向情感上則無不同。2. 青少年的正向完美主義與其因應策略、依賴型憂鬱情緒有顯著相關，負向完美主義傾向與其主觀成就壓力、因應策略、憂鬱情緒類型及正向情感都有顯著相關。3. 青少年的主觀成就壓力在負向完美主義與各憂鬱情緒類型、正向情感間有中介效果，在正向完美主義與各情緒變項間則無中介影響。4. 青少年的主觀成就壓力在正向完美主義與各憂鬱情緒類型、正向情感間有調節效果，對負向完美主義與各情緒變項間之關連則無調節作用。5. 青少年的「埋怨與疏離」、「轉移與激勵」因應策略在正向完美主義與依賴型憂鬱情緒間有中介效果，「埋怨與疏離」因應策略在負向完美主義與主觀成就壓力、各憂鬱情緒類型、正向情感間也有中介效果存在。最後，基於本研究結果提出未來研究與實務應用建議以供參考。

The main purpose of this study was to explore the correlations of two-dimensional perfectionism, depression subtypes and positive affect, and taking subjective achievement stress and coping strategies as mediators or moderator. The instruments used in this study included Adolescent Two-Dimensional Perfectionism Scale, Subjective Achievement Stress Scale, Adolescent Coping Strategy Scale, Depression Scale, and Positive Affect Scale. The participants were 958 students cluster sampling from 13 senior high schools and vocational high schools in northern, central and southern Taiwan. The statistical methods used to analyze the data were one-way MONOVA, t-test, Pearson product-moment correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. The main findings were as follows：1. There were significant differences between males and females in two-dimensional perfectionism, subjective achievement stress, coping strategies and depression subtypes, but no difference in positive affect. 2. Positive perfectionism was significantly associated with coping strategies and dependent depression, and negative perfectionism was significantly associated with subjective achievement stress, coping strategies, depression subtypes and positive affect. 3. Subjective achievement stress mediated the relation between negative perfectionism and depression subtypes or positive affect, but couldn’t mediate the relation between positive perfectionism and these outcomes. 4. Subjective achievement stress moderated the relation between positive perfectionism and depression subtypes or positive affect, but couldn’t moderate the relation between negative perfectionism and these outcomes. 5. Coping strategies of“complaining and isolation” and ”distraction and encouragement” could mediate the relation between positive perfectionism and dependent depression, and coping strategy of“complaining and isolation” also could mediate the relation between negative perfectionism and subjective achievement stress, depression subtypes or positive affect. Based on the findings in this study, future research directions and practical implications were proposed.