工作環境特徵、工作倦怠與過勞死之關聯性研究

Abstract

本文為工作環境特徵、工作倦怠與過勞死之關聯性研究，本研究係以內容分析法，研究十個自日本網站「大阪過勞死問題連絡會」及「過勞死事件勝利判例，認定例デ-タベ-ス」的案例，分析結果為： 1.不良的工作環境特徵與工作倦怠之程度呈現正相關。 2.工作倦怠中的「乏人性化」與「情緒耗竭」之程度與過勞死、過勞自殺呈現正相關。 3.成就感低落對工作倦怠中的「情緒耗竭」及「乏人性化」與過勞死、過勞自殺有負向的中介效果。 另外，在本研究中亦發現下列結果： 1.工作倦怠中，「缺乏個人成就感」構面的矛盾性。 2.為何人員已有工作倦怠，但不離職，卻留在原工作崗位過勞死、過勞自殺。 3.日本案例白領階級的工作倦怠，以情緒耗竭最為嚴重，乏人性化次之。 4.日本案例白領階級的過勞死，過勞自殺與情緒耗竭呈現正相關，而往往身心過度疲勞後誘發的憂鬱症卻造成了過勞自殺。 最後，對企業界及白領階級之建議為： 1.藉由瞭解工作倦怠的特性與來源，有效預測組織中高危險群的員工，尤其具有負向性格特質的員工予以心理輔導，並透過員工參與及自主性管理，提升組織支持與社會支持，發展壓力管理策略，建立公平的管理制度，針對已出現過勞徵兆的員工，積極介入關懷。 2.對白領階級之建議為： (1)了解本身角色狀況及自我的極限。 (2)取得家人、朋友及職場同事之支持與協助。 (3)做好壓力管理與健康管理。 (4)自我調適與時間管理。

This thesis is concern about the relationship between the characteristic of the work environment, professional burnout and the death from overwork. The study is based on content analysis of 10 sites from Japan, according to the cases of 大阪過勞死問題連絡會(Osaka Karoshi problem contact)and過勞死事件勝利判例，認定例デ-タベ-ス(Karoshi event victory Case), we can find these results as fallowing: 1.A harmful characteristic of the work environment has positive correlation with professional burnout. 2.The extent of depersonalization and emotion exhaustion in professional burnout has positive correlation with Karoshi (death from overwork) and Karoshi suicide. 3.Low sense of achievement have mediating role with emotion exhaustion and depersonalization of professional burnout, Karosh and Karoshi suicide.

In addition, this study also found the following results: 1.During the professional burnout, a contradiction of diminished personal accomplishment. 2.The reason why people have professional burnout chose death from overwork or suicide instead of releasing from the job. 3.Emotion exhaustion is the most serious problem than a depersonalization of professional burnout of the white color in the Japanese cases 4.Cases of Karoshi and Karoshi suicide of the white color in Japanese have positive correlation with emotion exhaustion.

Finally, these are advices for the white color and corporate world: 1.Forecast the middle and high risk employee effectively and render interior guidance and assistance to whom have negative disposition by comprehending the characteristic and the cause of professional burnout. Though the participation and self-management of employees, promote support rate of organization and society, develop manage tactic of pressure,establish just manage system and concern with who has the sign of weariness. 2.Advices for the white color: (1)Comprehend the role self play and the utmost. (2)Acquire support and assistance form family, friends and colleague. (3)Endeavor management of pressure and health. (4)Self modulation and time manage.