以破壞式創新探討富士康成本變動策略之影響

Abstract

中文摘要 金融危機後期，新一輪通貨膨脹席捲了中國大陸，勞動力的生存成本不斷攀升，以低成本獲得市場競爭優勢的企業面臨著較為嚴重的勞資問題，加薪成為所有代工企業面臨的嚴峻問題。過去的代工企業強調的是透過壓力勞動力成本以及成熟的代工技術來獲取海外訂單。但隨著中國大陸沿海地區勞動力成本的逐漸提升，代工企業的巨頭，即富士康集團面臨著需要以更高的勞動力成本來維持市場競爭地位。 富士康集團在這場市場爭鬥的過程中，果斷地提高員工的薪資，這一舉動突破了原有市場的競爭模式，給同業競爭者和潛在進入者造成嚴重的衝擊，從而掌握了市場先機，獲取了先發競爭優勢。本研究透過嘗試應用破壞性創新理論，分析富士康加薪對IT產業的影響，得出了如下研究結論： 1. 富士康加薪是因中國大陸勞動力培育成本上升而導致的最終後果。 2. 富士康加薪是一種破壞性創新舉措。 3. 富士康加薪可以獲取先發的市場競爭優勢。 4. 富士康加薪是驅動產業轉移的重要動力之一。 5. 富士康加薪壓縮了IT產業利潤空間，加大了同業競爭者的市場競爭壓力。 6. 富士康加薪造成IT產業鏈的震盪，同時加快了中國大陸產業升級的速度。

ABSTRACT In the post-financial crisis era, a huge wave of inflation swept China, raising the surviving costs of labor. Firms that used to gain the market competitive edge through low costs, now with the soaring wage, are faced with challenges on austere labor and capital issues. In the past, electronics manufacturing service providers acquire orders through emphasis on squeezing labor costs and leveraging mature manufacturing technology. However, as the labor costs gradually increased in the coastal areas, Foxconn, what some suppliers describe as the “dragon head” company, needs to sustain its leading market position by enduring higher labor costs. In the midst of market in battle, Foxconn assertively raised the wage, in a way that signifies a breakthrough to the conventional competition model, and brought significant impact to its rivals and new entrants. As a consequence, Foxconn manages to gain market advances, and seize the preemptive competitive advantages. This research attempts to apply the new theory of “disruptive innovation”, to analyze the impact of Foxconn wage increase to the IT industry. We have derived the several research conclusions as below: 1. Foxconn wage increase is the ultimate result induced by the rising costs of the labor in China. 2. Foxconn salary hike is an act of disruptive innovation. 3. Foxconn’s rise in pay will secure preemptive market competitive advantage 4. Foxconn wage increase drives IT industry transformation. 5. Wage increase stresses profitability in the IT industry, adding pressure to rival competitors. 6. Foxconn wage increase causes disruption in the IT industry chain, and expedites the industry upgrade in China.