建築歷史上動態與靜態設計方法對其建築的影響

Abstract

為了加速建築的產生，人們對於過去模糊的設計程序進行了歸納與定義，摸索出設計方法的可能形態，並隨著時代的演進、切入角度的不同，逐漸增加方法的種類，產生各種方法動靜性質上的差異。建築在不同的時代也有其特殊的動靜表現風格，許多研究指出變化源自於媒材的演進，卻缺乏對設計程序不同建築表現是否也會因而改變的關係研究。

隨著工業革命的發生與影響，建築設計不再被單純視為一種只需美感天分的活動，也不是種需要跟隨師傅磨練十幾年技藝的過程，而可以是一門有系統、可被分析的學問，學者們認為建築師可以透過一套有效率的流程方法，以快速、大量製造的方式生產建築，因此，各種對於設計方法的研究紛紛出現，試圖爲過去千百年來早已存在，但模糊不清的設計程序找到清楚的定義關係，統合出人人都可以立即上手的一套設計方法，這種針對設計程序的研究現象持續發展，隨著時代的演進、媒材的進化以及切入領域的不同，產生不同種類的設計方法，各有其特殊的動靜特質，並在不同的時代裡扮演重要的設計思考角色。

另一方面，建築歷史上各個時期的風格表現，都有其特殊的特色，並逐漸由靜態表現邁向動態表現，許多研究指出這樣的變化源自於媒材演進的刺激，尤其是電腦的出現，可以模擬物件受時間與力量變化的影響，是一種較為動態的數位媒材，容易造就出具有動態感的建築。然而，不同設計方法也具有不同的動靜性質，卻少有設計方法與建築表現間的關係研究，方法的性質是否會反應在媒材的選擇以及建築的最終表現，是本研究想探討的問題。

For accelerating the birth of architectures, people apply logical inductions and definitions to design processes ambiguous in the past then explore the possibilities of design methods. Evolving with times and varied perspectives, there are gradually increasing ways which could generate the difference of the natures in architectures – dynamic or static. Architecture has its own mode of dynamic or static representation in every era. Many studies have pointed out this variation derives from the advances of design media, but there still apparently lacks studies focus on the relationship between design processes and architectural representation.

By the occurrence of Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century, architecture design has no longer been considered as a simply talented-only aesthetic activity or a master-apprentice training process which might take more than ten years to practice. It has become a systematic knowledge amenable to analysis and evaluation. Scholars believe that architects could bring forth architectures like manufacture in a rapid way through an efficient approach. Therefore, studies regarding design methods come forth one after another and try to find the precise definition of design process, which has existed for thousands of years and is still ambiguous however. One step further, these studies aim to develop new design methods people could easily get access. Studies concerning design process are continuously developing. With the evolution of times and media, as well as different research spheres, those studies bring forth varied design methods refer to procedure-oriented, problem-oriented and cognitive behavior. Each method has its own special dynamic / static characteristic and plays a significant role in the design thinking field in its time.

Furthermore, the representation of every period has its particular features in architectural history. In general, it’s an evolving process gradually moves from static expression towards dynamic expression. Many researches attribute this variation to the stimulation of developing media, especially the emergence of computer. Computer is a more dynamic digital media, which could simulate the condition of the object under the impact of time and force, thus, it could create a dynamic architecture easily. Although varied design methods have varied dynamic / static characters, there still have rare studies regarding the correlation between design methods and expressions in architecture. Does the character of method deeply affect the usage of design media, and furthermore, the final representation of architecture? That's the main issue this research would like to explore.