初探參數化開口的空間感知

Abstract

對空間和居住者來說，開口扮演著舉足輕重的角色，開口的存在，使人們得以感知空間的存在，不同的開口表現，有可能使人們感知到不同的空間體驗。建築師透過設計開口的表現形式來傳達建築師的設計理念，開口的表現形式亦因應各個時期的設計趨勢與構造技術的進步而有各種不同的形態表現，隨著數位設計工具的成熟，開口形式亦因應複雜的建築形態而產生前所未見的樣貌，數學演算法(algorithm)的應用亦促進電腦輔助設計更進一步的發展(Shaghayegh & Jean-Claude, 2009; Bosia, 2011)，於是，愈來愈多的設計師意識到參數式設計造成獨特的形式和組織上的可能性(Schumacher, 2008)。互動設計技術的加入，更改變了原本的開口設計思維與方法。應用互動設計技術支援開口形式表現，開口便可以回應當地的環境變化與使用者的行為造成空間形式改變，也會改變現有的設計方法。 參數式設計雖然讓開口得以呈現出嶄新的風貌，但是有時卻因此而捨棄了開口應當具有的基本條件，為了讓設計者在盡情發展開口之餘時，又能同時兼顧功能、構成或形式這些與形成開口相關的開口因子，本研究試圖探尋參數式開口形成空間感知的可能性，在開口的功能需求、構成方式與形式表現的限制下，以參數形成的開口是否亦能成就空間感知。 本研究從過去的案例中探討開口的功能需求、構成方式和形式表現這三項組成開口的重要因子，以及這三者與空間感知的關係，並整理出主要影響空間感知形成的開口因子，以此進行參數式開口的設計操作，採用Grasshopper作為建立參數式開口的設計工具，試驗出以參數式開口塑造空間感知的方法，這些可能的開口設計方式提供設計者在以參數式設計工具進行開口設計時一個可供參考的設計範例。本研究過程分為三個步驟：Step 1. 歸納開口因子。Step 2. 案例分析。Step 3.設計實作。

The openings play a crucial role as far as space and inhabitant are concerned. The people can sense the space in the openings exist. The different openings present maybe let people sense the space experience is different. Architects express design thinking through the design of openings which moving with every period of design trends and tectonic developments have various presents. The digital design tools maturity made the opening form became more complex by the architecture appearance complexity. The algorithm application also promoted computer-aided design to toward advanced level (Shaghayegh & Jean-Claude, 2009; Bosia, 2011). Therefore, more and more designers realized the unique formal and organizational opportunities that are afforded via sophisticated parametric techniques (Schumacher, 2008). After that, the emergent interactive design influenced the current design thinking and techniques. Applying the interactive design technique to support presented the openings which can respond local Parametric design made openings appear novel forms, but sometimes the openings basic requirements had been lost. When the designers expend their opening design, they have to consider the factors of the openings about function, tectonic and form. This paper tried to search the parametric openings to cause the sense of space. Under the premise of include the factors of the openings about function, tectonic and form. The parametric method creates openings if achieve the sense of space. This paper discussed the important factors of function, tectonic and form about openings by last cases and the relationship with the sense of space and found the main factors of openings to influence the sense of space be created. Then, using the parametric opening design tool, Grasshopper, executed opening design implement to seek the methods about the parametric openings to create the sense of space. These feasible methods provided openings prototype by using parametric design tools. The research process includes three steps: Step 1. Induce openings factor, Step 2. Case study, Step 3.design implement。