标题: 汽车客运业绩效评估之研究-资料包络分析法
Evaluating Bus Transit Performance-A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach
作者: 范植谷
Chih-Ku Fan
卓训荣
Hsun-Jung Cho
运输与物流管理学系
关键字: 资料包络分析法;抛物线图形效率测量法;方向性距离函数;多活动资料包络分析模式;网路包络分析模式;非意欲产出;民营化;多模式汽车客运公司;Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA);Hyperbolic graph efficiency;Directional distance function;Multiactivity DEA model;Network DEA model;Undesirable output;Privatization;Multimode bus transit
公开日期: 2003
摘要: 本论文首先应用资料包络分析法中之抛物线图形效率测量法及方向性产出距离函数,来评量台湾汽车客运公司各车站在民营化前后利润率及风险调整效率变化的情形,研究结果显示,民营化后利润率的增加可归因于技术效率与配置效率两者均有进步所致,惟配置效率因素所扮演的角色较为重要,而无论是公营的台汽公司或民营的国光公司都有价格扭曲的现象发生,这可能是两家公司都试图涵盖无效率所导致的损失所致;其次,经整合意欲(好的)产出和非意欲(坏的)产出结果,发现台汽民营化后风险调整效率有显着改进,而此效率改进可能系导致其成本降低的主因。
其次,因多模式汽车客运公司系台湾地区客运业之特色,此种公司同时从事不同模式(如长途客运和市区客运)的运输服务,其特点为不同模式的服务虽使用不同的生产技术,但却使用某些共同的投入(如管理人员),因此本论文不仅考虑多模式客运公司内部生产技术之差异,也将运输服务的不可储藏性(或称产销同时性)涵盖在内,以便同时测量多模式客运公司的成本效率,服务效果与成本效果;由本论文所应用之多活动资料包络分析模式与网路包络分析模式分别与传统模式比较发现,无论就有效率(果)的公司数,公司效率(果)排序与相互关联效果等之评量结果显示,两种模式与传统模式间有显着性差异,且前两者较后者更为严谨。
本论文之主要贡献可归纳如下:
(一) 以往有关客运业配置效率及其相关问题之文献甚为少见,本论文首度应用抛物线图形效率法来评量民营化前后利润率变化问题,这项利润率指标可被分解为技术效率与配置效率,而配置效率则可进一步用来衡量价格扭曲的程度,此种配置效率不同于传统方法之处,在于它可仅需藉由观察收入与观察成本,而无需价格资讯即可予以衡量。
(二) 本论文首次提出将运输风险定位为非意欲产出的观念,应用方向性产出距离函数,整合意欲(好的)产出与非意欲(坏的)产出,用来测量民营化对风险调整效率所产生之冲击,以有别于传统客运业绩效评估之研究,只着重在意欲产出之重大缺陷上。
(三) 台湾地区客运业,尤其老客运公司,大多属于所谓多模式汽车客运公司,同时经营公路汽车客运及市区汽车客运,其特色为不同模式服务,系使用不同的生产技术,但却也使用某些共同的投入,因此,亟不宜如传统方式将其视为一整体,进行绩效评比。本论文应用多模式资料包络分析法,将共同投入合理配置至不同模式,以求得个别模式之效率值,以提供整体及个别模式之经营绩效评比,以及公司内部决策之参考。
(四) 有别于传统研究忽略运输服务之不可储藏性,而分开评量其三种效率(果)之缺点,本论文不仅考虑多模式客运公司内部生产技术之差异,更进一步将运输服务的不可储藏性(产销同时性)涵盖在内,并应用修正式网路包络分析法模式将生产与消费技术纳入此一模式内,以便同时测量多模式客运公司之成本效率、服务效果与成本效果,以资评比其绩效差异。
With the aim of capturing the essence of transit performance, this dissertation addresses four crucial but often neglected issues regarding efficiency measurement for bus transit industry, and thereby using a novel refinement of conventional DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) models to deal with these issues, in order to shed new light on the facts relevant to transit performance.
In contrast to these four issues, this dissertation consists of four essays, with particular reference to the transit performance measure in Taiwan. The first two essays pertain to the impact of privatization on bus firm’s efficiency and talk about to what extent the various efficiency changes before and after privatization. The first essay applies a hyperbolic graph efficiency approach to measure “return to the dollar” at the station-level of Taiwan Motor Transport Company (TMTC) over the pre- and post- privatization period. This measure is further decomposed into its technical and allocative efficiency components. Price distortions can be measured by allocative efficiency using data on observed costs and revenues without requiring explicit information on prices.
The decomposition results indicate that both technical and allocative efficiencies contribute to the growth of “return to the dollar”, with the allocative component playing a more important role than the technical component. Perhaps in an attempt to cover the inefficiency-induced losses, both the public and private firms apparently resort to distorting relative output prices with respect to input prices, and the distortion is more pronounced in the private firm than in the public firm.
In the second essay, a directional output distance function which incorporates both desirable and undesirable outputs is employed to investigate the effects of privatization experienced by the TMTC. For the first time, the risk-adjusted efficiency change following privatization are estimated by treating transport risk as a joint but undesirable output. The empirical results demonstrate that TMTC’s privatization has produced a distinct improvement in efficiency enhancement and as such may be considered to be a source of cost reduction.
The last two essays shift the focus from investigating the influence of privatization on the transit firm to the efficiency measurement of some transportation organizations which engage in various activities (services) simultaneously. This third essay focuses most attention on the technical aspect of how to determine the efficiency of individual services within different but highly homogeneous multimode transit firms which engage in their services with non-identical technologies and use shared inputs. The empirical findings indicate that the multiactivity model used is more demanding than the conventional DEA model.
The fourth essay expands the analysis of the third essay to consider both the unstorable characteristics of transportation service and the technological differences within multimode transit firms. The proposed network DEA model allows a representation of both production and consumption technologies in a unified framework and thereby can be used to simultaneously estimate the cost efficiency, the service effectiveness and the cost effectiveness of multimode transit firms. The results obtained from the network model compared to those of a conventional model are quite different in terms of the number of efficient or effective units, rank comparisons of DMUs performance as well as inter-related effects. Throughout the dissertation, the non-parametric technique, also known as DEA, is used as the common approach which integrates the four essays into a dissertation.
URI: http://140.113.39.130/cdrfb3/record/nctu/#GT008432805
http://hdl.handle.net/11536/47889
显示于类别:Thesis


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