運輸系統發展多目標規劃模式建立之研究

Abstract

以往城際運輸系統發展方案以階段性來衡量，並無以全面性來衡量。因運輸系統發展策略須同時達成目標時，在操作上均有困難，且目前並無研究以多目標規劃方法之應用，故本研究嘗試一種新的方法來突破傳統運輸系統發展之規劃，發展出一套適合運輸系統發展與多目標規劃法之應用。 本研究首先從文獻整理出運輸系統發展、永續運輸、綠色運輸、人本運輸之理念與多目標規劃法，接著將說明運輸系統規劃與多目標規劃之應用及其方式後，構建運輸系統發展多目標規劃之模式。本研究的研究方法為多目標規劃法，其目標函數為運行效率即所有旅次旅行時間最小、環境破壞即所有車輛廢氣排放最小；限制條件為運具選擇模式、旅行時間與道路負荷、客運班次載客數、車種間廢氣排放關係、經費預算限制式；決策變數僅能以目標績效值之計算及傳統規劃方式。最後將多目標規劃應用於運輸系統發展中，以方案評估比較或逐步尋優之方式求得最佳解。 本研究結果顯示運輸系統發展規劃多目標規劃方法之應用，仍不成熟，加上多目標規劃模式表達空間屬性能力有限之因素，與運輸系統發展規劃難以融合之問題，仍需運輸系統發展規劃及多目標規劃方法兩者之繼續改進。

In the past, intercity transportation system development program is sequential to solve traffic problems, not to a simultaneous. The transport system development strategy must reach a target, have difficulties in operation, so there is no multi-objective planning transportation system development methods in the application First of all, this study generalize the transport system development, sustainable transportation, green transportation, human-oriented transportation and the concept of multi-objective planning method from the literature of people, then describes the transport system programming and multi-objective programming application and establish on model. The study methods are multi-objective programming (MOP), the goals are efficiency, environmental damage on minimum travel time for all trips, environmental damage on minimum all vehicle emissions; restrictions are choice model , travel time and road use, the number of passenger trips, vehicle emissions, budget constraints; decision variables are calculating the value of the target performance and the traditional transportation planning approach. Finally, it is compared or evaluated to obtain the optimal solution of optimization. The conclusion reveals that multi-objective programming for transportation System development in the application is still not mature, and model express the limited capacity of the spatial factors, and still need to improve both transport systems development planning and the multi-objective programming.