定址式火警系統硬體容錯改善研究

Abstract

近年來科技產業迅速發展，廠房設計朝向樓層面積廣大、建築規劃複雜，不但作業區域裝置昂貴之生產機台，配合製程需求，現場也存放種類眾多之危險物品，一但發生火災事故，若無法即時發現與處理，將造成重大財產損失，甚至人員傷亡風險。 火警系統為消防系統之核心，利用火警系統監視廠房內部各環境之現場狀況，在有火災發生狀況時，系統迅速將信號回傳至監控中心，以提供人員進行緊急應變處置工作，也可以自動啟動相關警報、逃生、滅火...等設備，避免災害迅速擴大，所以火警系統運作之迅速性及準確性對於廠區的防災安全為非常重要之ㄧ環。 因傳統式火警系統之防護區域及運作功能的限制，在使用上已無法滿足目前廠房高大、寬廣且複雜的設計，亦無法符合現代防災安全對於火災感知器所需的準確性和人性化操作要求，使用定址式火警系統已成為目前大區域設計的主要趨勢，不同於傳統式火警系統的僵化式功能及防護區的限制，定址式火警系統可依照現場環境需求而配置數量眾多的感知及監控設備，在火災警報時更得以準確報知火災發生之位置，另火警感知器也可以依照特別需求或現場環境因素調整警報靈敏度，以避免誤動作等狀況發生；使用定址式火警系統以符合防災效益，為現今廠房消防設計之重要考量。 定址式火警系統於科技廠房的應用已趨於普遍，如何避免系統運作中斷更為安全防護之重要工作，相較於以往系統設計重點只考量符合法令規範及設備的技術手冊，期待藉由硬體容錯機制設計，以及模組、線路配置達最佳化等考量，使定址式火警系統故障機率降至最低；本研究特別以廠區內之雙台受信總機系統作為研究案例，評估及探討使用後產生之效益，並檢討系統建置時需注意之相關重點，希望能夠提供系統負責人員日後建置及管理之參考。

In recent years, with the fast development of technology industry the design of factory has gradually moved towards greater size of area, and the architectural programming has become more complicated so that operation area is installed with expensive equipment in order to cope with manufacturing needs, whereas the site has also stored with a vast varieties of dangerous objects. Thus ,when there is accident of fire, significant loss of property will occur if the fire cannot be found and dealt with immediately, not to mention risk of manpower casualties. Fire alarm system is the core of fire protection system, and it will make use of fire alarm system to monitor the site status of each and every environment within the factory. When there is situation of fire, the system will immediately send the signal back to the emergency respond room to provide personnel with emergency and contingent work of disposition. Besides, it will also, on its own, initiate related alert, life escape, and fire extinguishing and other equipment to avoid the disaster from fast proliferation. Therefore, the fastness and accuracy of fire alarm system can be of the most critical link for safety of fire prevention within factory. As of the constraints with the protection area and function from conventional fire alarm system, it cannot, with its uses, accommodate to the current factory that is found wide, extensive, and also its complex design; besides, it is also unable to meet the needed accuracy and requirement of humane operation with fire sensor. Hence, fixed site fire alarm system has already become the major trend of current grand-area design, which is unlike the constraints of rigid function and protection area with conventional fire alarm system. In fact, addressable fire alarm system can base on the requirements of site environment to allocate massive amount of fire sensors and monitoring equipment so that when there is fire they can more accurately notify the specific location of fire occurrence. In addition, fire sensor can also follow special requirements or factors site environment to adjust sensitivity of detector to avoid occurrence of erroneous actions and others. Therefore, the use of fixed-site fire alarm system does meet interest of disaster prevention, which is taken as the important consideration of fire-fighting design for factory. The application of addressable fire alarm system at technology factory has become more and more popular, while how the system can be avoided of interruption has become the critical issue for safety protection. As compared to previous system design, their focus is mainly placed on how to meet legal provisions and technology manual of equipment, the new system will anticipate fault-tolerant mechanism design of hardware, and module and route allocation to achieve optimization so that the odds of failure for fixed-site fire alarm system can be lowered to the minimal. This study would especially exploit two-station fiduciary switchboard system within factory compound as its case of study to evaluate and investigate the benefit generated after use, and review related focuses that would need attention when system is established. It is hoped that the suggestions can be used as reference for system personnel in responsible for subsequent establishment and management.