捷運鐵路站距與班距之研究

Abstract

在站距之設計與班次之調派方面，捷運鐵路系統有別於市內公車與鐵路客運。因為過短之站距（Station Spacing）勢必增多車站數，除增加車站之建造維護費外，且使捷運車輛未能加速至最高設計速率即需減速剎車，增加乘客旅行時間（Travel Time）；而過長之站距，雖可減少車站成本並提高行駛速率，卻增加乘客走路時間（包括從旅次起點至最近捷運車站及下後至目的地）。因此必存有一站距，可使社會成本（亦即全體乘客之總旅行時間成本與捷運車站成本之總和）為最少，即為本文最佳站距（Optimal Station Spacing）。同理，因為過長之班距（Headway）雖可減低捷運之營運成本（Operating Cost ），卻迫使乘客等車時間增長，而過短之班距，雖可減少乘客等車時間，卻又提高了捷運之營運成本，增加捷運業者之財務負擔。因此亦必存有一班距，可使社會成本為最低，即為本文最佳班距（Optimal Headway）。希望藉由本文之探討，能做為即將引入台北市以及未來高雄都會區捷運鐵路系統在設計站距、調派班次時之參考。

Owing to the advantages of mass capacities, rapid running speed, higher operating frequency, fixed routes and lower prices, the Rail Rapid Transit ( RRT) system has become the most efficient mode for carrying the peak-commuting trips in metropolitanareas. To solve the increasingly serious urban traffic problems, our country is about to introduce this system very soon. If the RRT stations are too closely spaced, the number of stops will be increased which results in passengers needing longer time to reach their destinations .In addition, the station consturuction and maintenance costs are Proportional. But if the stations are too widely spaced, passengers will be forced to walk longer and longer distances. Therefore, there should exist an optimal station spacing which minimizes the social cost, including passengers ove-rall travel time costand the system station cost. Similarly, shorter headway will decrease passengers waiting time but will increase the system operating cost, while longer headway increases the passengers waiting time but decreases the system operating cost. Therefore, there should exist an optimal headway which minimizes the social cost. By using the Mathmetical Programming Methods and Time Value Theory this paper has developed two nonlinear models to find optimal station spacings and optimal headways for a RRT system. The results can be applied in any metropolitan city in designing an optimal Rail Rapid Transit system.