訂位系統應用於高速公路交通管理之模擬研究

Abstract

“訂位“早是我們日常生活熟悉的名詞，且以廣泛使用於大眾服務事 業，如運輸、飯店、旅館、娛樂業等等。訂位係指消費者或使用者須事先 透過訂位程序的預約，取得其預計某時段使用某設施的權利。其目的主要 是控制使用量於系統容量限制之下，使得系統運作效率保持一定的水準以 上，不會發生超過容量所產生的系統干擾而造成削減效率的情形。另一方 面是使得消費者的使用權利受確保，不致面臨不確定性使用環境下之困擾 而付出不必要的代價。 因此，“訂位“的概念如能引入高速公路 交通管理系統中，應能避免重現性交通擁擠發生，進而提昇高速公路交通 運行效率；且又能讓高速公路的交通資訊更加正確與透明化，而降低駕駛 者面臨不確定性用路環境時所感到的憂鬱。 本研究根據“訂位“ 的概念，初步研擬高速公路交通訂位系統架構和構建個預先式各匝道允許 進入車旅次起迄量之分配模式，藉以說明在高速公路交通管理應用此概念 時所應具備的硬體環境和運作流程。同時選擇中山高速公路內湖至泰山收 費站之南下路段做為研究對象，設計一組三小時的交通需求量，以 FRESIM 5.0 模擬不同用路行為對交通訂位系統運作績效之影響，並與其 他交控策略（無交控、整體定時儀控）的管理績效進行比較。 The "booking" is a popular word and has widely been adopted in the public service sections such as transportation, hotel, and entertainment. "Booking" means that consumers reserve the right to use a facility during some time period in advance through a reservation process. It's main purpose is to ensure efficiency of a system and to get rid of the over capacity problem. Meanwhile, for consumers their rights can be guaranteed . No risk or charge due to uncertainty may occur. Therefore, properly introducing booking into the freeway management system could effectively eliminate re-current traffic congestion . As a result, the freeway efficiency can be improved significantly. Besides, it can provide drivers with even more comfortable, clear, and accurate information. In this study, a structure of a highway booking system and a pretimed freeway capacity assignment model are developed. The associate hardware and operation process is also illustrated. Furthermore, a segment of Sun Yat-Sen National Freeway from Neihu to Taishan is selected to simulate the performance of the highway booking system. Various driver behavior scenarios with the devised 3-hr traffic demand pattern were simulated with the software FRESIM 5.0 . In the final, results of different control strategies including Lassez-fair, ramp metering, and booking are also compared.