航空貨運站存倉時間特性分析與應用

Abstract

隨著航空貨運量不斷成長，貨運站作業能量必須配合提昇，貨運站作業能 量決定於空間面積大小及設計等規劃面與作業設備與作業流程等營運面， 良好的貨運站規劃設計必須考慮貨物在貨棧空間裡停留時間的分佈型態， 現況貨運站之貨物停留時間型態，反應目前空運環境下之作業時間與不確 定因素所造成的停等時間，因此存倉時間是衡量機場進出口作業績效的重 要指標；然而以往的研究對貨物存倉時間少有關注，因此本論文的核心在 於分析影響存倉時間的因素。 存倉時間變數的內涵包括總作業時間與 非作業時間（閒置時間）兩部份；總作業時間大小主要取決於作業流程設 計與相關之設備、作業人員等因素，非作業時間則涵蓋作業流程外的作業 特性。存倉時間取班機時刻與到達時間之差，若在班機時刻表固定的情況 下，到達時間與存倉時間可視為一體兩面。依據收集的資料與實地觀察的 心得，將作業流程以網路的方式表達，檢討目前之作業流程，關貿網路的 傳輸速度與品質是瓶頸之一，作業流程設計上，進口繳納關稅的作業單元 與貨物流的關係低，可改為事前納稅；非作業因素所造成的閒置時間受貨 運站收貨時間與海關通關驗貨辦公時間的限制、航線班表分佈密度與班次 多寡等因素的影響，從存倉時間的分析中可發現一般日下午時段與星期五 晚上時段是貨運站的進貨尖峰，在進貨的尖峰時間裡，貨運站出口倉門過 磅區會出現排隊等候的現象。 Since the air freight grows up sharpely,the capacity of air cargo terminalshould be increased . Cargo terminal capacity depends on the planning side (overall area , layout ,...etc.) and operating side (the process of export and import operation, data processing system and cargo handle equipment,...etc) .An improved planning procedure for an air cargo terminal must pay attention tothe dwell time which cargo spends in the terminal .The present pattern of thedwell time shows that the freight should spends on waiting and being served in such uncertain environment.Therefore the dwell time is an important criteria used to measure the performance of the air cargo transportation. However,the past studies paid less attention on the dwell time .This study would focus on the analysis of the dewell time. The dwell time variable is divided into two parts . One is the total time that the freight spends on being served , waiting to be served ; the other is the freight's total slack time . Service time is effected by the process design and operation system of import and export operation . Slack time is effected by the other items except the opertion process .Dwell time isthe interval time between an imported freight's arrival at the cargo terminaland the flight time. The one of the bottleneck of the import and export process is the speed and qulity of Trade-Van. The design of import process should be reengineered since the relationship between the cargo flow and documentation is low.The slack time results from the constraint of office hour of cargo terminal and the Customs ,flight schedule and flight frequency. The peak time of the freight's arrival is at 14:00~15:00 and Friday night.At the peak time ,the unload area of export warehouse of Taipei air cargo terminal is congested.