設計過程中觀看的認知研究

Abstract

在設計思考的領域中，草圖(sketches)在設計中的重要性以及設計者與圖 形之間的互動關係已逐漸被凸顯出來。本論文接續目前對設計中「看」( seeing)與草圖關係的研究，對設計中「看」的類形及其在設計過程中所 扮演的角色等問題作進一步的探討。本論文為一實證性研究，以一位具有 建築設計教育背景的設計者進行傢具設計的口語分析實驗，藉由對其在實 驗中所產生的口語資料分析設計中「看」的認知特性。實驗結果初步支持 「設計是一連串「看」與「動作」的循環」之理論。接著我們透過文獻探 討，將設計中的「看」分成七類：視覺的看、圖像的看、選擇的看、辨識 的看、聯想的看、想像的看、評估的看，並歸納出不同類型「看」之間的 程序關係：首先，設計者在設計過程中會使用視覺的看、圖像的看、選擇 的看、辨識的看接收外界的訊息刺激，並置於短期記憶中，是為第一組看 ，然後利用聯想的看、想像的看以及最後將本研究對設計過程中「看」的 認知特性之研究結果aa入視覺知覺的相關理論中，以不同類型「看」的觀 點分析這些「看」在形狀重整(shape restructuring)的視覺知覺模型中 所扮演的角色。 In the field of 'design thinking', the importance of sketches in the design process and the interactive relationship between designers and drawings has been revealed. This thesis is in continuum to the current research on the relationship between 'seeing' and sketches in design. This thesis is an empirical study for a designer with architectural design background. Using the protocol data generated by the experiment, I have analyzed the cognitive characteristics of "seeing" in design. The primary results support the theory that design is a continuous flow between 'seeing' and moving. Based on my research, I have classified the 'seeing' into seven categories, that is: retinal seeing, iconic seeing, selective seeing, recognizable seeing, associated seeing, imaginative seeing and evaluOn the basis of my study, I have come to the conclusion of cognitive characteristics of "seeing" in designing with context to visual perception theory, and have established the roles that all these 'seeings' play in the visual perception model of shape restructuring from different perspectives of seeing.