市區道路建設計畫經費補助分配方法之研究

Abstract

市區道路為都市運輸之主要設施，對市區居民之生活品質、與都市之產業發展均有顯著之影響。而其興建經費龐大，一般多由中央與地方政府共同負擔。但以往之經費補助分配方式，並未考量各地區之差異使得補助之結果，造成區域間的發展差距。因此，本研究嘗試由學理論點配合實務應用，構建一補助分配方式以兼顧分配之公平與效率。 本研究將經費之補助問題，區分為『經費之分配問題』與『計畫之評選問題』兩項，並認為補助經費之分配應建立一補助分配公式，使分配結果較為客觀、公平，而市區道路建設計畫之評選則應交由地方政府，以滿足各地區不同之偏好。 其中，本研究以財政能力指標、區域發展指標、運輸需求指標及地方努力指標等四項指標，構建補助分配公式；並以受益人口、路網連續性、與車站之連結個數、計畫就緒性與工程經費等五項，為市區道路建設計畫之評估準則。 經由實例分析後，發現以往之補助比例過度集中於幾個縣市，使其他之縣市僅能獲得較少之補助款。而運用分配公式，則可使十二個縣市之補助比例增加，並使四個財政困難之縣市獲得較多之補助款；而運用所構建之評估準則，亦使得各道路建設計畫之效益更為明顯，可使地方政府能依據此評估準則評選出合於地方效益之市區道路建設計畫。

Urban Road is the major infrastructure of the urban transportation. It has great influence on people's life and industry development. Generally, the expense of building urban road needs lots of fund from central and local government. The subsidy allocation mechanism in the past usually didn't consider the regional difference . Therefore this study tries to explore the urban road subsidy allocation issues, and then develops an appropriate allocation mechanism including allocation formula and evaluation criteria. This study considers four allocation indices to build the allocation formula, including fiscal capability, area development, transportation demand, and local government's effort. And employs five evaluation criteria including beneficial population, network continuity, number of connections with stations, project readiness and project cost to evaluate the road project It is found from the case study that most of the past subsidy was used on few cities, which created the equity problem. After applying the formula established in the study, the subsidy for 12 cities could be increased, and the financial problem for four cities with fiscal difficulty could be improved .In addition, the benefit for urban roads could be presented clearly by employing the evaluation criteria set up in this study.