強制汽車責任保險對道路交通安全影響之研究

Abstract

我國汽車責任保險於民國八十七年一月一日正式實施，而機車部份也於民國八十八年一月一日開始納入。相較於過去的第三人意外責任保險，強制汽車責任保險制度做了大幅的修正，尤其在責任歸屬方面，採取限額無過失責任制。此一制度的實施，是否為汽機車使用者所瞭解，且是否影響駕駛人之駕駛行為，將可能對道路交通安全產生衝擊。有鑑於此，本研究乃透過問卷設計瞭瞭汽機車使用者對強制汽車責任保險的認知與態度，並嘗試驗證不同的認知態度對汽機車駕駛者駕駛行為之影響。 本研究首先利用態度量表量測汽機車使用者對強制汽車責任保險之保障範圍、理賠金額、責任基礎、保費考慮因素、核保、未投保罰則及除外不保事項等七個層面的認識程度，研究結果顯示，機車使用者對此七個層面問項的答對率皆不及50%，而汽車使用者的答對率則較機車使用者稍高。此外，本研究利用駕駛者對於交通違規行為之風險感認及其出現頻率測度駕駛者之駕駛行為，以瞭解汽車責任保險認識程度與駕駛行為之關聯。研究結果顯示，對於汽車責任保險有愈正確認識的機車使用者，其駕駛行為愈趨向謹慎、保守，而對於汽車使用者而言，此種關聯性則不顯著。 另一方面，本研究研擬汽車責任保險保費費率制度之改善方案或輔助措施，並透過問卷設計收集汽機車使用者的態度及支持度，以瞭解汽車責任保險費率制度可能對駕駛者駕駛行為之影響程度。研究結果顯示，目前所施行之保費費率獎懲系統最無法誘使駕駛人採取較安全、謹慎的駕駛態度或行為；相對的，酒後違規駕駛提高保費一倍、保費依照肇事理賠次數呈倍數遞增等措施，則能顯著影響駕駛者，促使駕駛人減少危險之駕駛行為。此外，對於連續三年無肇事理賠紀錄或連續五年無交通違規行為之優良駕駛人給予保費上之最低優惠，也能鼓勵駕駛人減少交通違規行為，達到促進道路交通安全之目的。本研究所得之結果可做為相關單位強化汽車責任保險制度在「促進道路交通安全」功能上之參考使用。

Compulsory automobile liability insurance has been brought to effect in Taiwan on January 1, 1998. Compared with past third party accident liability insurance system, the compulsory automobile liability insurance was revised substantially, especially in limited no-fault system. This new policy might worsen road traffic safety if road users do not understand correctly. Therefore, this study investigates perception and attitude of road users to compulsory automobile liability insurance and how to affect driving behavior. This study was conducted to explore drivers’ understanding and perception to the new insurance policy by attitude scale, including the range of coverage, premium factor, uninsured punishment, etc. The result indicates that motorists have higher ratio that answering questions correctly than motorcyclists. Besides, we measure driver behavior by asking their risk perceptions and frequency of traffic violations, so as to find the relationships between their perceptions and driving behavior. The result indicates that motorcyclists who have higher perception will have more responsible attitude toward preventing accidents. However, this relation does not appear significantly for motorists. Finally, some alternatives to enhance the current system are drawn to test road users’ response and attitude by questionnaire. The result indicates that the bonus structure of current insurance system can not lead road users to possess more responsible attitude toward preventing accidents. Instead, formulated more severe alternatives can. As the results showed above, some modifications for fare structure are suggested to consolidate current compulsory automobile liability insurance in order to enhance its function for promoting road traffic safety.