臺北市行人肇事及違規特性分析

Abstract

摘要 臺北市近年來交通事故死亡人數雖有大幅減少，惟行人肇事死亡之比例郤出現逐步上升之趨勢，本研究為了解其中之原因，首先從行人現況分析中探討行人目前遭遇之困難及問題，復根據臺北市八十六至八十八年行人發生交通事故致死亡或重傷之案件資料進行分析，同時並進行問卷調查及路口違規型態現場調查以了解行人違規特性，而從上述分析調查中，獲得下列結論： 一、六十五歲以上之行人發生交通事故死亡之比例遠高於其它年齡層。 二、與行人發生列管交通事故之車種以大型車最多。 三、行人發生列管交通事故之時段以上午八至十時為最多。 四、從肇事斑點圖發現，行人肇事地點並無集中之現象，發生之區域則以市區較為明顯，路段以和平東路發生之次數最多。 五、行人違規之地點以路寬在二十公尺以下道路最為嚴重，而行人肇事之地點亦呈現同樣之趨勢。 六、行人穿越設施不完整之路口，行人違規之比例較高，其次為設有行人保護時相之路口，而設有早開或遲閉之號誌路口，行人違規穿越之比例亦高。 七、警察單位執行行人違規取締之地點及時段與行人發生肇事案件之地點與時段，其關聯性並不高。 本研究建議應以交通工程手段（如加高中央分隔島之高度）減少行人違規穿越之機會，同時應加強行人穿越設施之可見度及便利性；交通執法部分除明定車輛不禮讓行人優先通行之執法規定外，對於行人違規之取締則應以行人肇事次數較高之時地為重點，交通宣導部分則除強調車輛禮讓行人之觀念外，行人遵守法令規定及提高行人之可見度亦極為重要。本文之研究結論與建議可提供交通、警政機關防制行人交通事故之參考。

Abstract The number of fatalities on the roads has been largely reduced in recent years. However, the number of pedestrian fatalities in traffic accidents has gradually increased. In this research, we begin with analyzing the existing problems that pedestrians encounter and based on the real data of pedestrian crashes from 1997 to 1999 to analyze the characters of these injured and fatal pedestrian crashes. A questionnaire survey as well as in-site investigation of violation behavior at intersections, are also conducted to analyze the various characters of pedestrian violation. The major results are listed below： 1. Pedestrians who are older than 65 years have a higher fatality rate than other age groups. 2. Pedestrian fatalities caused by trucks are more than those caused by other types of cars. 3. Fatal pedestrian crashes mostly occur during 8am to 10am. 4. The distribution of pedestrian traffic accidents isn’t concentrated at fixed places. Traffic accidents mostly occur in urban areas. The number of pedestrian accidents is greatest at Ho-PIN East Road. 5. Pedestrians tend to cross roads randomly and have a higher risk of crashes, especially when the width of road is less than 20 meters. 6. Pedestrians violate rules mostly at intersections where there are poor facilities for crossing; secondly are the intersections with pedestrian-protection phase signals, as well as the intersections with leading or lag-phase signals. 7. There are no significant relations between the places and time period of pedestrian crashes and the police’s presentation of pedestrian violations. In this research, we suggest, by using traffic engineering measures(such as increasing the height of central separating island) to reduce the possibility of pedestrians crossing the road at the wrong place. In addition, the visibility and availability of pedestrian facilities should be enhanced. In terms of traffic enforcement, the rule for cars to yield to pedestrians has to be clarified. While the pedestrian violates rule against jay walking, the police should nab pedestrians at the right place and time that pedestrian accidents occur. Furthermore, we should also widely promote the concept that cars should yield to pedestrians. And it is also necessary to ask pedestrians to obey the law and enhance the visibility of pedestrians.