公共設施區位之合理配置

Abstract

公共設施為社會群聚生活中大眾生活所共同必需，具有社會福利的特性，因此公共設施的配置除了需考慮設施系統的效率外，尚必須考慮公平性。如何使公共設施系統的區位配置能兼顧效率性與公平性，為本研究的主要目的。 本研究係先建立公共設施區位配置的規劃檢討指標，用以評估公共設施系統整體區位配置配置的效率性與公平性，並以離散空間為分析基礎，結合區位分析模式與地理資訊系統對空間資料的處理、分析與展示功能，建立公共設施系統區位配置的決策模式，並以基隆市港口商埠都市計畫區作為實例研究地區，對鄰里公園的配置進行探討。 本研究提出之區位配置規劃檢討指標之指標值均介於0與1之間，指標值越接近於1代表設施系統配置越有效率或越公平，越接近於0代表設施系統配置越無效率或越不公平。 整個設施系統區位配置決策的程序分成下列步驟： 一、決定研究範圍。 二、劃定需求分區，決定需求點與需求量。 三、決定設施需求數量。 四、設施替選區位初選。 五、研擬設施系統配置替選方案。 六、替選方案評估。 七、方案選定。 基本上，任何的公共設施系統替選方案都可以區位配置規劃檢討指標進行評估比較；而本研究係利用P中位指數修正模式作為設施系統配置方案的產生器，配合本研究用Lingo語言撰寫的區位配置程式，操作上相當簡易而有效率。 在實例研究部分，本研究分別探討設施系統配置限制較少的新訂都市計畫區的設施配置與現有設施區位不能改變情況下的舊市區公共設施的增設。 關鍵詞：公共設施，區位，都市計畫，公平，效率

Public facilities having characteristics of social welfare are commonly necessities in our daily life within a community .Therefore , the selection of the facility site must consider both efficiency and equity .The objective of the study is to develop a mechanism in corporating both efficiency and equity in the site selection process. In this study , Indices were established first and used in this study to evaluate if a site allocation plan is efficient and equitable .A decision model is then established through a joint application of location analysis model and GIS for information processing ,analysis and display. A site selection plan of a community park in an urban plan area in Kelung city was used as a case study. Indices used to evaluate site selection plan are all scaled to the range of 0 and 1.The closer the index value is to 1 represents the more efficient and equitable is the facility plan Contrarily ,the closer the index value is to zero stands for the lesser efficient and equitable is the facility site plan. An overall decision process on the site selection of a facility system comprises of following steps: 1.Define study area. 2.Delineate sub-zone , sub-zone centroid and demand measure. 3.Determine facility size. 4.Preliminary screen of alternative facility sites. 5.Propose alternative site plan for a public facility system. 6.Evaluate alternative plan. 7.Recommend best alternative plan. Basically , above said indices can be used to evaluate alternative site selection plans of any public facility system . In this study ,a modified P-median model serves as an alternative generator and an allocation model written in Lingo languages used to evaluate alternative plans. Both make overall analysis easy and effective. Case studies for a public facility located in a new urban plan area and one in an old urban plan area were conducted respectively . Keywords : public facility, location ,urban plan , equity , efficiency.