應用團隊互動訓練促進團隊知識分享

Abstract

團隊方法是在目前的各種領域中，應用地相當廣泛的一種問題解決方法。主要的原因是由於作業的複雜度超過了個人的認知能力，因此必須透過團隊成員之間的溝通分享，將整體的狀況揭露出來，以便執行決策。然而，在這個過程中，團隊成員往往不知該分享什麼，該如何分享，而導致團隊合作障礙的產生。 本研究利用團隊互動訓練的設計與實施，藉以提昇組員的觀念與能力，教導組員如何掌握正確的資訊與知識，並且促進這些資訊和知識在組員間的分享，以期團隊能建構出有效的團隊共通知識，進而增進團隊工作績效。 本研究之實驗探討團隊在執行熟悉或是不熟悉的任務時，團隊互動訓練以及行動時知識分享對於團隊建構團隊共通知識以及團隊績效的影響。經由主題專家評分，顯示出團隊互動訓練的實施的確改善了團隊的行為表現；且如同我們所期望的，團隊互動訓練與行動時知識分享無論在團隊執行熟悉的任務或是不熟悉的任務時，都對團隊共通知識的建構與團隊績效的提昇有正面的作用，且團隊在執行不熟悉的任務時，團隊互動訓練對於團隊績效的提昇更為明顯。另外，本研究也發現團隊成員的行為表現對團隊共通知識的建構有正面的影響，特別是在溝通上的行為表現。而團隊共通知識與團隊績效亦呈現正向相關趨勢，且團隊在執行不熟悉的任務時，此種正向相關趨勢更顯著。最後，根據研究結果，提出實務性建議與後續研究建議。

Team approach is a problem solving method applied in various domains. Because the requirement of task complexity surpasses the cognitive capability of an individual; it is needed to expose the whole conditions of tasks to make decisions via communication and sharing between team members. But they often do not know what to share, how to share, which makes an obstacle to teamwork. The research applies the design and execution of team interaction training to enhance the abilities and concepts of team members and facilitate knowledge sharing by teaching them how to grasp the right information and knowledge. Thus we expect the team to construct effective team common knowledge then enhance team performance. The research examined the influence of Team Interaction Training and Knowledge Sharing In Action on team common knowledge and team performance in both routine and novel environment. Through the subject matter experts rating, the result shows the execution of team interaction training truly improves the behaviors of team members. And as we expected, team interaction training and knowledge sharing in action have a positive effect on constructing team common knowledge and team performance in both routine and novel environment even in the novel environment. Furthermore, we found that there exists a positive effect between team members’ behaviors and team common knowledge, especially the communication behavior. And there also exists a positive effect between team common knowledge and team performance even in the novel environment. Finally, according to the result of the research, we propose suggestions for practicability and future directions of study.