技術創業之專利管理策略

Abstract

產研合作一直政府科技專案所支持與推動之研發政策，隨科技基本法發佈後，政府研發成果運用得歸屬於執行計畫之研發機構，政府的科專資源也由財團法人研發機構逐步開放業界與學界參與，因此，如何有效推動產研合作、落實技術開發、移轉成果予產業界，進一步透過技術創業策略成立衍生公司，提升國內經濟持續發展與落實研發成果 產業效益，是本研究主要的研究課題。 本研究除回顧產研合作制度與合作模式的沿革，並將政府資源、研發機構、策略夥伴、投資者、客戶以及衍生公司等主要創業關係人，發展技術創業「動態的資源與價值流動模式」，以作為技術創業個案研究之分析模式，藉由此模式從產研合作之技術授權、技術作價入股與國際合資創業等創業個案，探討創業之主要問題與挑戰，作為後續產研合作創業參考。 技術創業活動中專利策略也相當重要，本研究藉由專利文獻之回顧，從技術進入障礙與市場進入障礙作為策略構面分類，發展「技術創業之專利管理策略」，包含專利創新與申請保護策略、專利迴避策略、專利引進與授權策略及專利抗衡策略，在不同策略領域中進一步介紹專利之管理作法，最後，以RFID 技術研發為例，探討RFID 新創事業 面對國際專利權之挑戰中，建立自有RFID 之專利管理策略與作法。

The new Technology Act passed in Taiwan has granted more flexibility to researchers of joint R&D research projects. It is a great concern of our government to stimulate more joint R&D collaboration between research institutions and industries, more transfer of technologies, more commercialization of technologies, and more success of technology new ventures. The purpose of this research is to summarize experiences and recommend effective mechanisms in R&D collaboration, creation of technology new ventures, and strategies of intellectual property management for new ventures. Literatures in the concerned areas were investigated and a new model in resource allocation and value creation was recommended to analyze the give and take relationships among six key stakeholders, i.e. the government, research institution, strategic partners, investors, clients, and a technology new venture. The expectations of each of these six stakeholders have to be taken cared in the negotiation of start-up creation, technology licensing, and using technology share of a start-up company in return for technology transfer. The percentage of technology share is largely determined by the intellectual property rights granted. Therefore, the strategy of managing IP rights is extremely important for any technology new venture. This study has characterized four types of IP management strategies under different combinations of technology and market barriers: Scenario I: No technology gap, nor market entry barrier. The strategy of applying IP and entering the target markets are recommended. Scenario II: No technology gap, but there exists market barrier. The strategy of developing innovative and differentiating new technologies and avoiding countries where competitors have IP right protections are recommended. Scenario III: No market barrier, but there exists technology gap. The strategy of licensing technology and entering the target markets are recommended. Scenario IV: There exist both technology gap and market barrier. The strategy of licensing or rebutting competitors’ IPs is recommended. At the end of this research, an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology new venture, which was a spin-off from the Industrial Technology Research Institute, was used as an example to demonstrate its IP management strategy.