台灣地區螺絲產業之發展策略

Abstract

台灣過去號稱螺絲王國，螺絲螺帽(台灣簡稱「扣件」)出口量曾經高居世界第一，但自從台灣上下游廠商及供應鏈陸續到中國大陸設廠後，中國技術及產能突飛猛進，至今在出口總值及總量仍高居世界第一。且在台灣有限資源的情況下，大多數的政府及民間資金都流向於高科技產業，在前景與錢景的考量之下，絕大多數優秀人才被吸引到高科技產業，相對來說傳統產業逐漸面臨經營困難，特別是3K產業，更別期望對未來有任何長遠發展計畫，此問題對螺絲產業影響更甚。 面臨中國大陸及東南亞低價競爭，國際經濟景氣低落，本研究希望探討台灣現階段傳統螺絲產業的差異化策略，並以Ward and Duray (2000)的生產策略模型進行實證發現。相較於傳統螺絲產業，本研究結論新世代螺絲產業的差異化確實為公司增加產品競爭力，進而表現在產品業績及毛利率，且比較不受國際景氣波動影響，但還是需要注意產品生命週期的影響，且持續開發新產品及研發技術。此外，針對日本及德國高單價的螺絲螺帽，台灣面臨高值化的目標還有很長的一段路要走，但必須配合政策及產業上下游做整體考量。

Taiwan was well known as a kingdom of fasteners with the most export volume in the world, but mainland China has been replacing Taiwan’s position after the Taiwanese manufacturers and supply chains set up factories in mainland China and brought excellent technology with huge production capacity there. Due to limited resources in Taiwan, the majority of government and private funds are investing in hi-tech industries. Due to the wage differences, most talented people are attracted to work in the high-tech industry, such that relatively speaking traditional industries in hard and dirty environments have been especially facing operation difficulties with manpower shortage, not to mention any long-term development and plans for future. Actually, this problem has become the worst impact on the screw industry. Facing the strict competition against cheap labor cost of mainland China/ Southeast Asia and the international economic downturn, this study is to research the differentiation strategy for traditional fastener industries in Taiwan by production strategy model of Ward and Duray (2000) with empirical findings. The differentiation strategies do make the new fastener companies competitive with excellent performance in sales and gross margin. The differentiation strategies also help them avoid obvious impact from international economy downturn. However, it should still need to pay attention to the impact of the product life cycle and continuous development of new product lines. In addition, facing the high unit price enjoyed by Japanese and German fasteners, Taiwan’s fasteners have a long way to achieve their high added-value target, but adjustments in the overall policy and supply chain industries must be done immediately.