釜山港與高雄港綠色港口策略之發展

Abstract

摘要 自西方工業化以來，全球平均氣溫較上一世紀增加0.75°C。因此，全球開始重視環境改變所造成的影響，於1992年里約環境與發展宣言中就針對氣候變遷議題而提出氣候變化綱要公約。各領域也針對此提出永續管理之概念，特別是在海運業。已開發國家以綠色港埠為發展目標，期望降低因為船舶與港口活動作所造成的環境影響，而南韓的釜山港與台灣的高雄港也不例外，這兩個港口為了發展綠色港口制定一系列措施。然而，由於釜山港與高雄港皆以港埠發展與成長為優先，故在綠色港埠之發展是緩慢的。 因此本研究之目的為提供有效策略使釜山港與高雄港發展成綠色港埠，並同時提升港口之績效、政策與規劃品質，這將有助於釜山港與高雄港成為綠色港埠之一員。 本研究首先使用內容分析法（content analysis）聚焦港口環境議題、成功綠色港口特色與綠色港口之政策發展現況，之後藉由訪談了解專家學者之意見。最後利用SWOT分析法整理並分析文獻與訪談所得之內容，有效發展釜山港與高雄港之綠色港埠策略。 根據SWOT分析對釜山港提出以下策略：（1）建立自我分析系統；（2）定期的綠色港口訓練計畫；（3）建立碳排放交易系統；（4）建立綠色港口執行委員會。對高雄港而言提出策略有：（1）強化與擴大環境教育；（2）建立碳排放監控系統；（3）強化環境管理系統；（4）建立完善的綠色港口發展準則。 這些策略的施行將有助於提升綠色港口品質，並且基於訪談專家學者的內容設計這些策略應用於釜山港與高雄港。

ABSTRACT After industrialization began in Western countries, average global temperatures have steadily increased at a rate of 0.75°C over the last century. In 1992, this fact of climate change was acknowledged globally through the Rio Declaration of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. After this acknowledgement sustainability management became an issue of consideration in all fields of industry. In particular, in the field of maritime transportation, developed countries have gradually begun to conduct Green Port initiatives for minimizing the environmental impact caused by ships and port operational activities. Following this trend of Green Ports, the Port of Busan in South Korea and the Port of Kaohsiung in Taiwan (Republic of China), as major ports in the world, have initiated planning for implementation of Green Port initiatives. However, the Green Port initiatives of these two ports are only implemented very gradually, due to their countries’ overriding focus on their development and growth. Accordingly, the purpose of this report is to suggest effective strategies for the development of Green Port initiatives at theses two ports, allowing them to enhance the quality of their performance, policy and plan implementation as a Green Port. In this way, the ports of Busan and Kaohsiung can establish themselves as world leaders in the Green Port initiatives. In this report, content analysis was performed on research focused on port environmental issues, the qualities of superior Green ports, and current trends in Green Port policy. Afterwards, there was interview analysis, performed through the elicitation of expert opinion. Lastly, there was a SWOT analysis, completed through the analysis of the information collected from interviews and reviews of Green Port issues. Through this SWOT analysis, effective development strategies were created. The SWOT analysis suggested the following strategies in the case of the port of Busan: 1) The establishment of a self-diagnosis system, 2) A regular Green Port Training program, 3) A carbon trading system, 4) The establishment of a Green Port executive committee. For the Port of Kaohsiung, SWOT analysis suggested the following strategies 1) Strengthen the quality of environmental education and expand the aims of this education, 2) Establish a carbon emission monitoring system, 3) Strengthen the environmental management system, 4) Strengthen the road map of the Green port at the Port of Kaohsiung. The implementation of these strategies can allow for the enhancement of the quality of Green Ports. Additionally, after interviewing specialists in charge of Green Port initiative at both the ports of Busan and Kaohsiung, these suggestions were found to be applicable to both the Port of Busan and Kaohsiung.