應用層級分析法評估公共運輸系統-以巴拿馬為例

Abstract

公共運輸已是巴拿馬大都會區現有的問題. 在過去數十年來, 巴拿馬主要的公共運輸工具是被稱為”diablos rojos” 或是紅色魔鬼的二手校車-但這對民眾而言已經造成一定程度的危險性, 也演變成公共安全問題. 過快車速和不良的服務品質已經是巴拿馬公共運輸的主要問題.

巴拿馬政府於2012年委託Mi Bus公司提供公共運輸服務, 這家公司提供新型巴士及全新的巴士系統. 但是如果只是把舊巴士汰換, 那麼這將不會是解決大眾運輸的最好方式. 事實上巴拿馬正在建造第一條捷運路線,巴拿馬政府認為這將可能會是解決公共運輸問題的好方法. 然而, 巴拿馬(人民/政府)是缺少秩序的, 所以塞車已經是每天要面對的問題, 但是真正的問題是缺少一個能夠真正管理及滿足人民所需的公共運輸系統.

本研究的主要目的，是要發展都會區公共運輸系統的評估方法. 此評估方式主要是使用分析階層程序法(analytical hierarchy process, AHP)，期望能夠評選出可以真正管理及滿足巴拿馬大都會區人民所需的公共運輸系統, 同時將公共運輸系統的各個重要關係人的需要納入評量, 並會在一定限制中的時限呈現最合適的改善解決方式.

本文的貢獻在提出一個適合巴拿馬大都會區的公共運輸系統評估方法，各重要關係人及政府部門可以跟據評估所得的解決方案，來發展實際公共運輸系統的管理方向.

Public transportation has been an ongoing problem for the metropolitan area of Panama. For decades, the public transportation service provided in Panama - 2nd hand school buses called “diablos rojos”, or red devils – have become a danger for the users, and have turned into a matter of public safety. Excessive speeding and poor service quality have been some of the main issues with the public transportation in Panama.

By year 2012, the actual government has outsourced the public transportation to a company called Mi Bus, which brought a whole new bus system, along with new buses. Even though the old buses had to be replaced, that was not the main solution to the transportation issue. Actually the first line of the Metro System is in implementation process, according with the government this could be a solution for the problem. However, there is lack of order in the city, so traffic jams are a daily issue, but the real problem is a lack of a transportation system that could manage and satisfy the service demand of the public transportation users.

The purpose of this study is to develop an evaluation approach for the decision making of public transportation system in a metropolitan area. The evaluation approach majorly applies Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and was used to solve the main problem of the lack of satisfaction of the actual public transportation system in the metropolitan area of Panama City, at given times of the day. The application of AHP method considers multiple criteria of various stakeholders in the public transportation system, and determines what the best alternatives for improving this problem on a given time. Through all these evaluations and solutions that are developed, suggestions can be made to stakeholders and the government departments that manage transportation in Panama, so they can take these solutions into consideration for its application in the actual transportation system.