考慮貨架壽命之生鮮蔬果產品存貨管理

Abstract

近年來食品安全的問題越來越受到重視，消費者對於生鮮產品的品質要求不斷提升，促使了食品產銷履歷建置作業的推廣以提供產品的可追溯性，且許多保障食品安全的安全法規也因應而生。低溫產品由於具有溫度敏感、易腐、貨架壽命短等特性，為了維持生鮮產品的品質，冷鏈與低溫物流管理已逐漸成為當前供應鏈管理的發展趨勢。在冷鏈管理中，包含配送以及儲存的兩大部分，如何去管理存放在倉庫中的生鮮蔬果產品，以減少因貨架壽命衰退而造成的浪費，成了冷鏈管理中的一大問題。 有鑑於此，本研究藉由歸納影響生鮮產品貨架壽命因素，並根據貨架壽命區分出產品等級，且訂定出各級最適價格，各等級產品間可以進行替代性供貨與考慮缺貨的情況下，以整數規劃(Integer Programming, IP)方法建構出「考慮貨架壽命之生鮮蔬果產品存貨管理」模式，透過模擬範例資料求解出利潤最大化之結果。分析結果顯示，當各等級產品進行替代性供貨時，能提高所得利潤，且能降低存貨數量。而由敏感度分析中可以得知，價格折扣率的設定對於利潤的影響較為顯著，須更加謹慎的設定價格折扣率的數值。藉此求解結果以及分析，可以使得低溫物流管理業者在存貨管理上更有效率，且對於參數的設定也能更加精準。

In recent years, there has been more issues about food safety. Consumers requires a higher quality of fresh products, and it promotes the food traceability’s development and safety regulations of many products in response born. Fresh products are temperature-sensitive, perishable and having short shelf life. In order to maintain the quality of the fresh products, cold chain and logistics management has become the current development trend of supply chain management. In the cold chain management, including distribution and storage, how to manage stored in the warehouse of fresh fruits and vegetables products to reduce waste due to the declining of the shelf life, has become a major problem of cold chain management. This study summarized the factors of affecting shelf life of fresh products and to differentiate the product level according to shelf life, and determining the price levels between the grades. Considering the shortage and alternative supply to customer, this study constructs an “Inventory Management of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables” model with using the integer programming method. This study use the simulation data in order to get the maximum revenue result. The results show that when each grade products for alternative supply, can improve profits, and can reduce the amount of inventory. The sensitivity analysis can be learned from the set price discount rate is more significant impact target value, the value must be more cautious in setting the price discount rate. With the results and analysis, logistics management industry make more profit on inventory management, and to set the parameters can be more precise.