台灣光電產業成本效率之實證分析

Abstract

2003年以後全球光電產業一掃前兩年的陰霾，開始走向成長之路，2004年全球光電產業產值為226,889百萬美元，較2003年成長13%。台灣光電產業與全球脈動同步，從2003年成長開始加速，2003年台灣光電產業產值為新台幣7,782億元，較2002年成長27.43%，台灣光電產業的高成長性可見一斑，廠商在擴充產能之餘，其成本的控制是否恰當直接影響了總體產業的競爭力，因此對於成本效率的分析實屬必要。 本研究以台灣光電產業上市上櫃廠商為研究對象，實證分析廠商於2001至2003年之成本效率概況，再將光電產業分為光儲存、光電元件、光輸出入、光通訊與光電顯示器五種類別，進行各類別廠商成本效率的排序，且進一步了解光電產業廠商成本效率與獲利能力之關聯性，結果發現： 1. 台灣光電產業整體平均成本效率值為0.2421，呈現右偏高狹峰分配。其中之意涵，可能表示廠商在成本控制上有很大的進步空間。 2. 光電產業各類別之成本效率排序由高到低為：光儲存、光輸出入、光電元件、光通訊、光電顯示器。 3. 經由分析迴歸結果發現廠商成本效率與獲利能力呈現顯著正向線性關係。 研究結果顯示台灣光電產業廠商成本效率大多不彰，仍須加強成本控制，而經由迴歸分析進一步發現廠商在增加產線以提高產出之餘，若能提高成本效率，則能增加其獲利能力。

The global optoelectronic industries started its’ roaring growth in 2003. The global optoelectronic industries’ output value was US$ 226,889 million in 2004, which was 13% more than 2003. Taiwan optoelectronic industry and global pulsation are synchronous with the accelerating growth in 2003. The output value of Taiwan optoelectronic industry was NT$ 778,200 million in 2003 which is 27.43% more than 2002. The high growth of Taiwan optoelectronic industry is significant. While manufacturers expand the productivity, whether the control of its cost is fitting or not influences the competitive advantage of the total industry directly. Therefore, the analysis of the cost efficiency is indeed necessary. The whole Taiwan listed optoelectronic companies are included in this study. They were divided into five groups namely Disk, Element, Inout, Opcom, and Display. This study ranks all companies according to their cost efficiency and further explores the correlation between the cost efficiency and the profit index. The main results are summarized below： 1. The overall average cost efficiency of the Taiwanese optoelectronic industry is 0.2421 and shows positive skewness and leptokurtic distribution. The companies’ control in cost have much to improve. 2. The Descending rank of Taiwanese optoelectronic industry according to their cost efficiency is Disk, Inout, Element, Opcom, Display. 3. The result of regressions found that the cost efficiency and the profit index have positive linear relationship. The result shows that the cost efficiency of Taiwan optoelectronic industry is not good, and the companies need to strengthen the cost control. The result of regressions further finds that if a company improves the cost efficiency, the profit will be increased as well.