應用類型媒材激發創意的方法研究－以科幻電影為例

Abstract

西方所謂科幻(science fiction)，為科學(science)與小說(fiction)的縮辭，而中文的“科幻”則是科學與幻想的縮辭。不論是電影、小說、動畫…等不同媒材，科幻的題材經常扮演滿足人們幻想的角色，其特質也經常呼應著人類科學的發展，如對太空的探索、基因工程、交通工具的演變、虛擬實境、人型機器人或人工智慧的發展等等…。 本研究希望援引豐富想像力與創造力的類型媒材，達到激發創意構想的效果，並以科幻類型媒材為例。首先就文獻資料的探討，找到兩種對激發創意構想具有效益的設計方法。一為聯想與類比法，輔以科幻專家提供之科幻關聯詞彙框架；一為意象轉化法，由受訪者挑選具科幻產品圖片，輔以造形原理文獻所建構的形態表現框架。將操作此二方法之受測小組分別命名為科幻關聯組與科幻意象組，並以兩組作為實驗之對照組。 本研究的實驗組為科幻媒材組，以應用科幻電影《駭客任務》作為類型題材，激發受測者的創意概念。透過文獻探討的整理與受測專家訪談的口語分析資料，提出了“感知層級設計框架”。為應用感知層級原理擷取科幻媒材，作為激發受測者創意概念的框架。其目的在予以提供檢核的方式，讓受測者在此類型媒材的刺激下，能充分激發每一個思考層級的概念發展空間。期望能激發更多概念的科幻深層意涵感知，並對創意性與科幻感呈現有正向的助益。實驗的結果驗證了本研究提出的假設： （1）以“感知層級設計框架”進行應用科幻媒材激發創意活動，有助於概念創意的激發以及科幻感的呈現。 （2）“自我詮釋”的感知層次所轉化的概念，具有較高的創新性表現；而以“感知層級設計框架”輔助設計，能激發最多自我詮釋意涵的感知。

The word “Science Fiction” (S.F.) is composed of science and fiction. Regardless of different media (movies, fiction, animation and comic) of science fiction, it often arouses the imagination of people. It also reflects the development of human science, such as space exploring, genetic technology, future transportation, virtual reality, robot and AI (artificial intelligence). This research aimed to study the feasible design framework with a check list of form for designers to refer the concept of science fiction in their design. This framework is expected to be able to stimulate more creative concepts which match the S.F. style. We first established the framework then verified its applicability. In the verification experiment, the experimental group of this experiment is named as “S.F. media group”, which used the S.F. movie “Matrix” as the stimulation to create product concepts by following the design approach developed and proposed by this study. From previous studies, two design methods have been proved to be effective for stimulating design concept. One is the associated semantic method, which uses S.F.- associated words provided by S.F. exports to inspire design concept; the other is the image transformation method, which uses image boards of product pictures with S.F. feeling to stimulate design concept. Both of these two methods were adopted as treatments for the two control groups in this experiment. Through comparing the design results among different groups and protocol analysis, it was verified that this framework can help designers to constructs the “perception hierarchy design framework.” In each perception hierarchy, it helps designers to generate richer and more original design concepts. The resulted design concepts were also match the S.F style better. On the other hand, the design concepts stimulated by the associated semantic method were more creative than those stimulated by the image transformation method.