我國大學評鑑之研究

Abstract

本研究主要目的在於探討先進國家大學評鑑概況，建立普遍性之評鑑觀念，以及探究我國大學評鑑制度之問題與解決之道，以及我國設置大學評鑑中心有關問題。為達研究目的，本研究透過文獻分析與問卷調查蒐集資料，針對全國公私立大學校院系進行普查，研究對象包括：主管、教師及一般行政人員，先後寄發紙本問卷與電子問卷共2500份，有效回收1051份，運用卡方分配進行考驗與統計分析，並進行質性訪談，以求深入瞭解。根據研究結論，希冀對教育行政機關、各大學校院及未來研究提出建議，作為未來推動大學評鑑機制工作之參考。 本研究發現主要國家大學評鑑機構，因背景因素不同，而產生不同的典範制度，其中經討論分析後，產生五個發展趨勢： 1. 同時注重績效與品質的提昇。 2. 同時兼顧大學之自主特性與政府監督之職責。 3. 特別重視評鑑機構與評鑑人員，學校機關相互溝通與共同參與。 4. 評鑑規畫辦理單位，以專業學術同儕團或獨立學會為主。 5. 教育評鑑結果的運用均是做為自我改進與政策決定之參照，並且與經費分配決策相關。 最後，本研究針對我國大學評鑑制度之檢討，以及未來設置大學評鑑中心之意見，依據分析與研究結論，提出具體之建議如下： 1. 評鑑性質初期宜由政府主導，未來宜設置專屬評鑑單位，以加強評鑑的公正與公平性，並提昇我國高等教育之品質。 2. 改變以往外部評鑑為主的方式，與大學校院為評鑑結果共負責任，評鑑方式重視學校自我評鑑與實地訪評。 3. 宜將教學與研究評鑑分別處理。 4. 評鑑指標應質化與量化並重。 5. 實地訪評的時間宜增加，以充分瞭解受評單位，並進而實踐評鑑的真實性與公正性。評鑑訪視委員到校訪評的天數，以二天最適當，評鑑週期以三年為一循環。 6. 評鑑結果的處理，宜以文字敘述方式公布。 7. 評鑑過程與結果完全公開與透明化。 8. 評鑑結果的運用，應作為核定系所、招生及經費補助之依據。

The purpose of this report is to investigate the generality of the University Evaluation in Progressive countries. Establishing a universal idea and investigating the existing problems. In order to accomplish what is mentioned above, through the literature review and questionnaire survey. A total of 2500 copies of the questionnaires of were sent to public and private universities, and chi-square through the static software of SPSS version 10.0. Finally, some suggestions based on the conclusions are proposed to the authorities of educational administration and local universities for further development. Different cultural background will derive different educational evaluation systems. Although these evaluation systems differ with each other, there are 5 tendencies that are influenced by international culture exchange： 1. The promotion of efficiency and quality in University Evaluations. 2. The consideration of both the University authority and the supervising responsibility of the government. 3. The importance of communication and interparticpatin of the Evaluation Organization with the universities. 4. The agent selected to conduct the specialized evaluation should be assigned to profess ional academic institutes or associations. 5. The evaluation reports have been important references for the improvement of higher education institutions, as wall as for the allocation of funds. The study makes suggestions as following： 1. There is a need to set up a administrative body, independent from the government, to implement the evaluation process of higher education in Taiwan. 2. The ways of evaluation, which ix primarily based on external evaluation, and the departments should take as the school for their evaluation results. In order to keep the fairness of the evaluation, the process of evaluation includes both internal and external assessment. 3. The assessments of teaching and research in higher education should be carried out separately in the future. 4. The index of the specialized evaluation should meet both qualitative and quantitative requirements. 5. The time of the field visit, while undertaking external assessment, should be increased, in order to obtain a more detailed and comprehensive understanding of higher education institutions being evaluated. The most appropriate period to conduct the specialized evaluation is two days, and every three years is an appropriate cycle of evaluation. 6. The results of evaluation should be announced descriptively. 7. All the reports of evaluation should be published and open to the public. 8. The results of evaluation should be utilized as the criteria of the approval of establishment of university departments and the graduate institutes, student-numbers in admission, and the allocation of funds.