晶圓代工製程發展模型之研究

Abstract

台灣晶圓代工業的產值居於世界之冠，其中TSMC約佔50%，UMC約佔 25%。過去國內學界對晶圓代工產業的研究涵蓋了生產、行銷、人管、財務…等領域，但卻缺乏對晶圓代工製程發展策略的研究。本研究探討晶圓代工產業的製程發展模式。

本研究採用定性研究方法，以文獻蒐集與評論為主，基於摩爾定律，詮釋積體電路價格與效能對晶圓代工製程發展之影響，其中包括：摩爾定律對晶圓代工業者獲利的影響、摩爾定律對晶圓代工價格的影響、摩爾定律與IC效能的演進、摩爾定律與IC生產的優勢、摩爾定律與IC的取代性等。而後再依成本領導、差異化、集中顧客低成本與集中顧客差異化四項企業競爭的基本策略，以及產業生命週期的觀念為骨架來建構晶圓代工的製程發展模式。

本研究最後以台積電公開的製程發展策略來應證本研究所提出的製程發展模式，並比較各晶圓代工業者的製程發展現況，以及探討晶圓代工製程發展趨勢對IC設計業者之影響。最後對晶圓代工業者、IDM公司、IC設計業者、後續研究者以及政府提出建議。

Taiwan’s IC Foundry industry is prominent in the world, with the TSMC occupies half and the UMC occupies quarter of the world market. Existing studies on IC Foundry Industry only focused on the field of production, marketing, human resources management, finance, etc. This thesis studied the strategies of IC Foundry technology evolution.

Based on Moore’s Law, this study explained how IC price and performance affect the IC fabrication process development. This includes the influence Moore’s Law has on the IC profitability, on the progression of IC performance, on the production advantages, and the substitutability of IC technologies. The IC foundry market can be characterized by four competitive strategies: namely, the cost leadership strategy, the differentiation strategy, the focused customer differentiation strategy and the focused customer low cost strategy. The industry life cycle concept was also used to construct the IC Foundry technology development model.

The IC Foundry technology development model proposed in this study matches with the technology development trajectory of tsmc. Different technology development strategies by different IC foundry service operators are compared and their impacts on IC design houses were discussed. Suggestions on IC Foundry providers, IC design companies, and IDM companies were made.