從國家創新系統觀點比較台韓數位遊戲產業之研究

Abstract

本論文研製之「從國家創新系統觀點比較台韓數位遊戲產業之研究」是以總體觀點探討數位遊戲產業之未來創新環境之改善。目前數位遊戲產業面臨許多問題，如政府支持力道不足、資源重複配置及產業間缺乏整合機制等，目前未具有整體創新環境之建置。加上國內數位遊戲之研究多半為企業個體面之分析，缺乏整合國家、產業和企業面的分析。國家創新系統反應國家科學和技術整合狀況，提供總體面的產業現況分析。本研究利用整合各學者提出之國家創新系統之模型，強調要素之間的互動情況，歸納出三個構面探討台韓數位遊戲產業之創新環境。第一、創新活動型為主體(包括政府與創新政策、私人企業、資金、科技創業發展之扶持和人才培育)；第二、創新活動行為主體之間的連繫與互動(包括技術研發之整合、技術擴散和非正式的互動)；第三、產業需求，為未來技術和市場的發展。利用文獻分析法和專家意見法針對台灣未來數位遊戲產業之國家創新系統提出建言。 在改善數位遊戲產業之國家創新系統的研究結果顯示如下： 1.政府及創新政策面，應制定短中長程的政策，並加強產業保護措施和支援企業進行研發。產業和政府之間的循環機制之建立以保持企業穩定發展。 2.私人企業要往自製遊戲發展，並利用產業明星帶動產業發展。 3.技術研發之整合和非正式互動必須建立完善的專利與鑑價體制，提供國家創新系統構成要素間彼此互動的橋樑。 4.在人才培育面，加強人文素養的培養並將遊戲納入正規課程。 5.在技術研發之整合上，可利用國內研發商以技術外包的方式，加強策略聯盟的機制。 6.在技術擴散中，政府應建立長久的技術團隊，研發遊戲所需的基礎建設，以降低企業的研發成本。 7.在產業未來發展方面，產業網絡的形成是未來的趨勢。

The procedure uses the macro view to explore the digital game industry and improve the innovative environment. Now, there are many problems in the digital game industry, includes less supports of government, reduplicate allocation of resource and the scantiness of integration between the companies. In domestic studies, the researches on digital game industry focus on the analysis about companies and lack for integrated analysis on nation, industry and business. The “National Innovation Systems” represents the national integrated status of science and technology. In this study, we utilize three dimensions in theoretical model of “National Innovation Systems” to explore the digital game industry. The first part is main body of innovative activities, includes government and innovative policy, private business, funds, the supports of enterprising development and education. The second part is the interaction between the main bodies of innovative activities, includes the integration of technologic development, technologic extension and informal interaction. The third part is the demand of industry that means the development of technology and market in the future. We use the methods of literature review and professionals’opinions to suggest how to improve the innovative environment of digital game industry in Taiwan. The results reveal that the improvements in the national innovation systems of digital game industry are as follows: 1.Government and innovative policy Government must establish the short, medium and long term policy, strengthen the protected rules for industry, and support the RD of business. The feedback mechanism between industry and government can keep the steady development of business. 2.Private business Business must publish the games that are designed by themselves. And the star business in the industry can promote the development of the whole industry. 3.Supports of enterprising development and informal interaction Building the patent and valuation policy can apply the interactive bridge between the formations of “National Innovation System”. 4.Education Government must strengthen the education of human equipment. The game courses could become formal education. 5.Integration of technologic development Using outsourcing strengthens the mechanism of strategic alliance. 6.Technologic extension Government must build the permanently technologic team to research the foundation that is needed in designing the games and to reduce the business cost. 7.The development of industry in the future The industrial network is the trend in the future.