兩岸三地四大貨櫃港埠作業績效之分析與評比

Abstract

港埠作業績效為航運業者選擇靠泊之重要影響因素之一。高雄港面臨鄰近港埠的激烈競爭，面對無法控制的外在因素，惟有強化港埠作業績效等內部條件，才能提升其競爭優勢。本研究主要目的即在比較高雄港與鄰近主要貨櫃港埠，包括香港、鹽田港與上海港作業績效之優劣與排序，探討績效不佳之癥結，作為改善之參考。 本研究以航商所提供之碼頭日報表為原始資料，經由文獻回顧，歸納整理出適用於評估港埠相關作業之績效指標，再挑選出碼頭日報表所能計算之八項指標，利用主成份分析法將該八項績效指標縮減為裝卸效率構面、擁擠程度構面、裝卸作業時間比例構面三大構面，對四港進行各構面之比較排序；再以整體灰關聯分析，擷取代表性指標，並以熵權重法求取相對權重，最後以整合式灰關聯分析法評估整體績效，對四港進行比較排序，並分析代表性指標權重變動對排序之敏感度分析。 本研究結果顯示，在裝卸效率構面，以鹽田港表現最佳；在擁擠程度構面，以上海港擁擠程度最嚴重；在裝卸作業時間比例構面，以高雄港表現最佳。而整體績效之排名依序為鹽田港、香港、高雄港、上海港。權重變動對上述排序並不敏感。

Performance is one of the main factors affecting carriers’ selection of hub ports. Kaohsiung port is currently facing competition from other major container ports nearby, the way to attract carriers is by strenghthening the internal conditions. Hence, this research aims to evaluate and compare the performance of Kaohsiung with Hong Kong, Shanghai and Yantian, in order to find out the key problems to be improved. This study uses Performance report (PR2)-Terminal Part as the original source of data, from which eight indicators of the four major ports were calculated. Principal Component Analysis is then applied to scale down the eight performance indicators into three aspects of performance; including loading/unloading efficiency, ship congestion and Terminal Performance, comparisions of the four major ports are made for each aspect of performance. In addition, the Grey Relation Analysis is also used to select three representative index,and the weight of each index is obtained using the Entropy Weight Method. Finally, overall performance of the four ports is ranked. The result of this study indicates that in the aspect of loading/unloading efficiency, Yantian has the best performance; in ship congestion aspect, Shanhai prot is the worst, and in Terminal Performance aspects, Kaohsiung port does the best. The rankings of overall performance are Yantian、Hong Kong、Kaohsiung、Shanhai. Change in the weight of representative index is not quite sensitive to the above rankings.