醫院貫穿區劃防火填塞工程之研究

Abstract

近年來國內大型醫院蓬勃發展，因使用機能複雜化，且醫院內部有大量醫療、空調及維生管線貫穿各區劃空間的情況，若防火填塞工程設計不良，可能會導致防火區劃失效，一旦發生火災，煙熱向外蔓延，必將造成嚴重的人命傷亡與財物損失。 本研究旨在探討醫院貫穿區劃防火填塞工程的材料及設計，先以文獻探討並比較我國與日本有關醫院安全區劃的法規及分析醫院火災成長的模式與特性。另蒐集我國、美國及日本等國家的重大醫院火災案例及相關資料，探討醫院安全區劃與防火填塞的重要性。藉實地調查台南縣(市)3家醫院，分析醫院現有之貫穿區劃缺失與常見的錯誤施工法。為求改善前述缺失，本研究提出適合醫院貫穿區劃使用之防火填塞產品及正確施工法。另為了想得知相關主管人對於醫院安全區劃及防火填塞的認知程度、困難點及建議，本研究進行專家問卷調查，整合設計者、政府官員及醫院管理者等專家意見，綜合歸納建置出一套「醫院防火填塞查驗標準」。 另一方面，亦對本研究所蒐集之防火填塞產品與一般傳統填塞材料進行在避難時間內的耐溫程度分析與比較。本研究提出之防火填塞產品，其防火時效具有國內、外認證，施工法較有保障。但傳統所用之泡綿因裂解溫度較低(約250~4000C)，不易抵擋火勢；另水泥沙漿其裂解溫度為6000C，雖可延長避難行動時間，但很多貫穿處所因施作不易或無法施工，且因施工法及品質缺乏認證，故較無保障。

In recent years, due to the prosperous development of domestic large-scale hospitals, the functions of these hospitals have become more and more complex. In the hospital, a large number of medical, air conditioning and living pipelines run through the walls of space divisions and compartments. If fire-stop engineering works are improperly constructed, the anti-fire divisions would fail to work. The fume/heat will spread out and cause serious casualties and property losses once a fire occurs.

This study focuses on the design and materials of fire-stop engineering at holes running through hospital compartment walls. First, literature review is performed to make a comparison between Taiwan and Japan about the safety of zoning regulations and the hospital’s fire growth patterns and characteristics. Besides, in collecting relevant information on the major fire cases of Taiwan, America, and Japan, the study analyzes the heavy casualties and property losses caused by fire to discuss the importance of fire-stop engineering in hospital compartment safety. Next, a field survey of three hospitals in Tainan county and city is conducted. Because of their awareness of the difficult points and capability of providing recommendations, the opinions of the people familiar with the compartment safety and fire-stop engineering of hospitals such as design experts, government officials, and hospital administrators are sought through a questionnaire survey. Based on the survey data, the study analyzes the existing defects and common construction mistakes on fire-stop design at through-compartment holes. Striving to correct these deficiencies, the study proposes some fire-stop products and the proper construction procedure for hospital fire protection. The results obtained in this study are then used to establish an inspection standard of hospital’s fire-stop engineering.

On the other hand, this study analyzes and compares the temperature levels between the products proposed in this study and the traditional fire-stop materials for the specific evacuation time. Traditional fire-stop materials such as foam materials can hardly resist fire because of low melting temperature (about 250~4000C). The cracking temperature of cement mortar is 6000C which can extend the evacuation time. But in many premises, the use of cement mortar cannot improve fire protection because of difficulty in construction and no certification on quality. The fire-stop products proposed in this study, however, can resist higher temperature and thus have more fire protection ability because of the domestic and foreign certification.