晶圓代工技術發展之分析

Abstract

IC 產業是台灣頗具發展潛力之高科技產業，尤以晶圓代工可謂持產業之牛耳。台灣在晶圓代工產業全球市佔率在2007年約有七成左右，產值居於世界之冠，其中 TSMC 約佔 50%，UMC 約佔20%。過去國內學界對晶圓代工產業的研究涵蓋了生產、行銷、人管、財務及製程…等領域，但卻缺乏對晶圓代工技術發展模式的研究。

由於晶圓代工產業資本密集度高，資金的妥善運用變得格外重要，因此在探討該產業技術發展活動相關議題上，技術發展資源投入、資源配置方式及對企業營運績效之影響，格外重要。

本研究探討晶圓代工產業的技術發展。採用定性研究方式，以文獻、資料蒐集與評論為主，基於摩爾定律及技術發展活動架構來詮釋晶圓代工的技術發展模式。其中包括：摩爾定律與 IC 技術的演進、技術發展經費的配置、研發資源的配置、技術發展的成果及市場供需的循環以及產業生命週期的觀念為骨架來建構晶圓代工產業的技術發展模式。

本研究最後以台積電為個案，來探討晶圓代工產業在摩爾定律及技術發展活動架構下的技術發展模式，並比較各晶圓代工業者之技術發展現況，以及探討晶圓代工的技術發展趨勢對IC設計業者(上游)與封裝測試(下游)之影響。最後，對晶圓代工業者、IC 設計業者、封裝測試業者、後續研究者提出建議。

IC industry has been identified as one of the most developed high-tech industries in Taiwan. Taiwan’s IC Foundry industry plays as the market leader in terms of IC output which accounts for 70% worldwide market share in 2007, in which TSMC accounts for 50% whereas UMC accounts for 15%. Existing researches on IC Foundry Industry mainly focused the fields of production, marketing, human resources management, finance and process rather than probing into the area of technology development that has been less focus in the past.

Given the high capital concentration characteristic of IC Foundry industry, to optimize the capital utilization becomes more and more important for IC Foundry companies. Some subtopics regarding the investment of the technology development resource, allocation of the resource and influence on business performance associated with the technology development activities have been widely discussed as well.

This paper studied the technology development to build an IC Foundry Industry Model based on Moore Law and R & D activities structure; it explained the technology development model for the IC Foundry Industry including some perspectives about the Moore Law vs. IC technology development evolution, allocation of the technology development resources, the investment of R & D, achievement of the technology development, and the influence of the economic cycle and industry lifetime.

This paper includes a case study of the IC Foundry technology development that explores Moore Law and R & D activities structure by TSMC development track. It emphasizes on a comparison of technology development impacts between IC design houses and IC package/testing houses, followed by the recommendation made for the IC Foundry, IC design companies, and IC package/ testing houses.