誰的社區？被誰營造？新竹市金山面的故事 (1994 ~ 2007)

Abstract

台灣推動社區營造政策這麼多年來，在政府大力推動下，不斷有社區成功的營造出社區的意象而受到大眾的矚目；但也有社區因活力不再而消逝在社區營造的行列。本文藉由金山面的故事，探討政府挹注大量經費推動「社區營造」政策之時，此政策在行政體系、專家與社區居民三方力量合作下所呈現的基本問題：（1）以社區被營造的過程來看社區營造與居民認同問題的相互辯證。（2）在現今的政策體系下，形塑現代化公民社會的可能性。 研究中發現影響社區營造的因素大致可分為內部動員與外部互動兩方面。在外部互動方面，「資源」、「政治因素」與「媒體」是重要的影響因素；內部動員方面則為「人力」與「文化」。 其實，「社區營造」成功與否的關鍵的問題仍在於社區居民是否能形成共同的「社區意識」，藉由公共議題的發酵而使凝聚社區居民的共同意識，讓社區居民透過對於與生活息息相關議題的認識、認同、行動的過程中，培養參與的興趣與能力。所以，要能使社區營造工作持續推動，需以社區居民為主體，透過社區居民運用其技能及知識改善社區生活環境與品質，讓居民對於當地環境的了解與認同後，保持社區居民分享與互助的精神，自發性關心、參與社區事務、凝聚共識，才能讓社區營造真正成為一種「造人」的過程。

In Taiwan, the concept of community renaissance construction has been blooming for recent years by the great effort of the government’s policies and promotion. There are many successful constructions by means of community renaissance and have draw media’s attention constantly. On the other hand, some communities just disappear in the ranks of community renaissance due to lack of long-term plan and recognition. So far the government has already invested tremendous amount of fund in promoting the policy of the community renaissance which were carried out by the government, the experts and community residents. Throughout the story of Ginshanmien, this content analyzes and discusses two basic questions: (1) to review the dialectical issue existing between community renaissance and residents admitting from the procedure of community organization built. (2) To discuss the possibility to mold the modernized civil society under the current policy system. Two major factors are involved while one community organization being constructed. One is the inside factor- the activities of community residents. The other one is the outside factor- the interaction between community organization and exterior issues. Regarding the outside factor, three significant exterior issues are reflected as resource, political factors and the mass media. In the inside factor, the interior issue are human resource and culture. In fact, the keys of success of “the community renaissance” largely depend on whether if the community residents can clannishly form community consciousness. It enables to clan the community residents’ common consciousness through the public topic to the interest and ability of participation while they focus on these topics of closely linked with life by understanding, approval, and methods of taking action. To sum up, if we want to make the concept of community renaissance to work out, it needs to rely mainly on community residents’ efforts. They must utilize their different professional skills and knowledge to improve community living environment and quality. Only if residents recognize and understand their local living environment, they will devote their efforts and help each other, the spontaneity cared about, participate in community’s affairs, and clan the common understanding and lead the community to a new vision and successful percept.