影響小客車駕駛人駕駛技能與行為之因素研究

Abstract

本研究主要為探討何種因子影響小客車駕駛人之駕駛技能與正向駕駛行為，主要將影響因子依考照過程分為三個階段依序為受駕駛訓練前、駕駛訓練及考照以及取得駕照後之道路駕駛，並加入人格特質加以探討。利用駕駛技能調查表(DSI)來量測駕駛技能並經由因素分析其駕駛技能包含「初階駕駛技能」、「進階駕駛技能」與「安全駕駛技能」三個構面；利用駕駛人行為問卷(DBQ)來量測正向駕駛行並經由因素分析其包含「幫助車流順暢」、「尊重其他用路人」與「不妨礙其他用路人」三個構面，並以Rasch分析衡量駕駛人駕駛技能與正向駕駛行為的大小，藉以探討各因素之影響。數據分析結果得知，各構面受不同影響因子影響，且駕駛人往後駕駛技能大小普遍由取得駕照後於道路駕駛的經歷影響最甚；在人格的部份，駕駛技能並無與人格有強烈相關，而正向駕駛行為中「尊重其他用路人」與「友善性」具有強烈正相關；事故與違規分析中，顯示出「安全駕駛技能」會影響事故發生，而「初、進階駕駛技能」、「安全駕駛技能」及「幫助車流順暢」會影響違規的發生。

The study mainly discusses what kind of elements influence drivers’ driving skills and positive driving behavior. Factors are categorized into three phases according to the process of obtaining the license: the road driving before training, while training and after obtaining the license. Driving skills are measured by DSI. With the factor analysis, driving skills include three aspects, basic driving skills, advanced driving skills and safety driving skills. Positive driver behaviors are measured by DBQ. With the factor analysis, positive driver behaviors include three aspects, helping smooth traffic flow, being polite to other road users, and paying attention to other road users. Rasch is used to analyze the relation between drivers’ driving skills and positive driver behaviours. Based on the statistics, each aspect is influenced by different factors. Among them, drivers’ driving skills are mostly influenced by the road driving experience after obtaining the license. For the part of drivers’ personality, they have no strong relation with driving skills. However, “being polite to other road users” and “agreeableness” have strong positive relation with positive driving behaviors. The analysis of the accidents and the violations show that “safety driving skills” will influence the occurrence of the accidents, while “basic and advanced driving skills”, “safety driving skills” and “helping smooth traffic flow ” will influence the occurrence of the violations.