生物安全第三等級實驗室火災緊急應變之建立-以台灣某研究單位為例

Abstract

近來生物科技研發產業蓬勃發展，國內大專院校生物科學相關研究單位如雨後春筍擴展，自從SARS疫情襲捲台灣，國內生物安全第三等級實驗室紛紛設立。生物安全第三等級之實驗室風險等級較高，因此本研究乃以國內某生物安全第三等級實驗室為研究主體，以失誤樹風險分析方法推衍實驗室生物病原體洩漏及實驗室火災兩種危害情境之可能原因與預防改善措施，並以實驗室火災為例，導入國外化災常用之緊急應變六大程序概念，訂定適合生物性實驗場所的緊急應變程序，包括從事故發生時的危害辨識；滅火、搜救等行動方案擬定；災區劃分與區域管制；緊急應變小組組織架構與職掌；外部支援聯合救災與人員；環境災後復原處理等，本研究結果將有助於未來國內生物實驗場所預防管理及緊急應變之研擬及外部救災單位應變參考。

In recent years, the biotechnology R&D industry has undergone robust growth and development. Research units related to the biological sciences at Taiwan’s universities and colleges have sprung up like bamboo shoots after a spring rain. Since the SARS outbreak that affected all of Taiwan, many BSL-3 laboratories have been set up. Because of the relatively high level of risk associated with BSL-3 laboratories, this research focuses on a BSL-3 laboratory in Taiwan and determines, through expert discussion and the use of Fault Tree Analysis, the possible factors and preventative measures for two dangerous situations -- the release of biological pathogens and the breaking out of lab fires. Moreover, taking research laboratory fires as an example, we introduce the six major procedures commonly used overseas in emergency response chemical disasters to determine suitable emergency response procedures for biological research laboratory sites, including identifying dangers; extinguishing fires and conducting search and rescue operations; cordoning off the accident site and carrying out area control; response task force structure and duties; external support rescue and post-accident clean up and restoration coordination. The results of this study can contribute to the discussion and establishment of prevention management and response measures for biological research laboratory sites.