石岡客家婦女九二一災後生命歷程的民族誌

Abstract

摘要 本論文探討石岡客家婦女面對九二一地震災後現實生存的需要，選擇與突破伙房社會的規限，通過傳統美食工作的展演，詮釋女性角色與主體生命實踐的意義。相對於心理學者對於災後創傷的討論，本研究以人類學民族誌為理論與方法的基礎，針對石岡傳統美食小鋪婦女於921災後的生活進行深度訪談、觀察、參與體驗。透過婦女口述與實踐的方式，理解婦女災後的生命歷程。本研究發現客家婦女體驗災後生命的變化，選擇生存的策略，承轉生命的可能性。特別是客家伙房婦女展演的多元角色，在災後困境展現彈性。婦女以傳統廚藝為基礎，透過女性群組的方式，體認群己關係與自我實踐的可能性，進而理解女性生命的價值，建構客家婦女所蘊含的多樣性。 本論文的第一章首先通過描述石岡地區特有的伙房與父系繼嗣群體，鋪陳這群說大埔客家方言婦女的日常生活。第二章探討在強震的破壞下，如何引發婦女心理的變化與生存的危機。第三章接著敘述一群石岡婦女迫於震災之後家庭與家屋重建的需要，選擇務實的生存策略，她們以家屋內傳統客家食物的廚房手藝出發，轉換生命的舞台。第四章為本論文的核心章節，我採取實踐的理論視野，觀察與描述石岡美食小鋪婦女所經歷的形成、解散、重組的過程。從中我們可以具體的觀察到這群石岡客家地區的女性，災變後結群的特殊性。延續前一章，第五章分析這群災後客家婦女的生命變化，以此來討論女性自我認同與主體生命價值的意義。最後，在結論章我嘗試以這個民族誌個案與災變研究、客家與性別研究，進行對話。

關鍵詞：九二一，伙房，客家婦女，傳統廚藝，女性群組

Shihkang Hakka Women’s Life Histories after the 921 Earthquake--- An Ethnography Hung Chao Liu Abstract The Hakka women in Shihkang have to face the real need of the life, choice and breakthrough from the traditional family after the 921 earthquake disaster. Through the performance of the Hakka traditional food, they annotate the female character and the meaning of life practice. The psychologist worked mainly on the discussion about Post-traumatic stress disorder. In contrast, this study based on the anthropological theories and methods of ethnography aims at finding out what these Hakka women are suffering from. By observing and joining their live experience on the Shihkang Traditional Hakka Food Shop, and through their oral narration and actual participation, we can understand how the women face their life challenges after the disaster. This research found that the Hakka women kept realizing the huge life changes, searched for the strategies to survive and to transform their life style. In particular, women from the lineage residence compound not only play different roles in their life but also showed their elasticity during the harsh time. These women started to work in group for the traditional Hakka cuisine. Through the working group, they recognized the relationship between them, and the possibility of self-practice. Furthermore, they also realized the value and the full variety of women’s life. In the first chapter, it depicts the daily life of the women by describing the unique traditional big family and patrilineal descent groups in Shihkang region. The Chapter Two explores how the damage in the earthquake leaded these Hakka women to face psychological change and survival crisis. The Chapter Three stated women choose the pragmatic strategy to reconstruct their traditional houses and their big family. They took the traditional Hakka food out of their kitchen, displayed their special cuisine, and meanwhile they found their own performance field. The Chapter Fourth is the core chapter of the thesis. I observed and recorded these women from the Shihkang Traditional Hakka Food Shop about what they experienced during the harsh times. We can specifically observe these women how to cluster in group after the disaster. Continuing the preceding chapter, the Chapter fifth analyzes the life changes of these Hakka women after the earthquake 921. Herewith we discussed about self-approval of females and the meaning of life value. Finally, in the conclusion chapter, I try to link the studies of earthquake disaster, the Hakka traditional family and the gender roles together under this ethnographic case.

Keywords：921 earthquake, Hakka women, lineage residence compound, traditional kitchen skills, female group