晶圓代工生產效率比較研究

Abstract

半導體產業在近年來一直是台灣獲得許多關注焦點的產業，而晶圓代工屬於半導體產業中的一種經營模式，雖然台積電與聯電在全球晶圓代工產業中處於龍頭地位，但隨著競爭越來越激烈，其經營效率便成了領先的關鍵。本文以國內外總共5家晶圓代工公司為研究對象，並利用Banker et al. (1984)的BCC模型來評估2007至2011年總共五年之晶圓代工公司之經營效率，接著使用Malmquist生產力指數來分析晶圓代工廠之跨期效率。研究結果顯示，全球晶圓代工產業景氣先後受金融海嘯與歐債問題惡化等因素影響，產業景氣呈現上下起伏之態勢，使得整體效率值無一致之走向；而晶圓代工龍頭台積電因投入了較同行業者較多之研發投入費用，故在歷年之純粹技術效率值上皆能維持較高的數值。

Taiwan’s semiconductor industry gets a lot of focus in recent years. Foundry belongs to one of the business model in semiconductor industry. TSMC and UMC are in the leading position in the global foundry industries, but as competition gets more intense, maintaining operational efficiency has become a critical. This paper applies the approach proposed by Banker et al. (1984) to analyze the efficiency of foundry in Taiwan and other countries from 2007 to 2011. The efficiency scores are computed and analyzed by using the data envelopment analysis(DEA) and Malmquist index. Research results show that the global foundry industry has been influenced by factors such as deterioration of the financial tsunami and the European debt problem, and the whole industry showed the ups and downs. The leading foundry TSMC puts more R & D investment costs than other firms, for this reason, its pure technological efficiency maintains a high level in these years.