科學園區與周圍地區之地域連攜分析

Abstract

為處理地方政府爭相設置科學園區計畫，導致個別計畫間產生競爭與規模不經濟的問題，本研究利用「地域連攜」之概念建立分析方法，在某些地理或社會的條件下利用運輸設施與土地開發之建設與整合，使某些地區形成合作關係，以解決地方間互競資源的問題。 本研究所建立方法分兩階段進行科學園區與周圍地區之地域連攜分析，並以桃竹苗地區所提六處科學園區計畫（包含桃園科技工業園區、璞玉計畫、竹二科、竹三科、竹南科學園區與銅鑼科學園區）作為實例分析對象。第一階段使用優勢關係評估法之ELECTRE I方法，目的在篩選得到科學園區非劣計畫（包括桃園科技工業園區、璞玉計畫、竹二科、竹南科學園區與銅鑼科學園區五處園區計畫），這些非劣計畫經篩選後皆為易於吸引科技廠商進駐之園區計畫。第二階段利用有服務範圍之區位決策方法進行地域連攜規劃，規劃模式以模糊規劃方法求解，追求開發成本最小化及園區服務範圍最大化兩個目標，其中考量限制條件包括政府之預算限制與科技廠商需求規模限制，並以不同的運輸系統建設方案擴大園區之社會效益影響範圍，增加被涵蓋地區之就業機會與園區跟學術研究機構之合作程度。實例分析之規劃結果發現，加入各個運輸系統建設方案之總涵蓋人口數，皆多於不作任何運輸系統建設且所有園區計畫全部設置的情境，其總建設成本也遠低於此情境下之總建設成本，由此得知，地域連攜規劃確能減少資源浪費情形，並維持（或促進）原有政策的效益。

Since local governments compete for setting up new science-based parks, parts of the science-based parks compete with each other and create the problems of scale diseconomies. In order to improve the development efficiency, this study applies the concept of “regional cooperation” to design the analysis approach for integrating transport systems and land use plans under some of the regional or social conditions. The regional cooperation analysis approach is designed into two phases. In the first phase, the outranking method of ELECTRE I (Elimination et. choice translating reality I) is applied to get non-inferior plans from the proposed science-based parks. These chosen non-inferior plans are then treated as alternatives for regional cooperation planning in the following phase. In the second phase, a multi-objective covering model is used. Two objectives are considered simultaneously: minimizing development cost and maximizing covering areas of science-based parks. The model also considers the constraints of government budge and land demands of science-based manufacturers. Based on given conditions of transport systems, the developed model gives the optimal science-based parks for enhancing employment in covered area and cooperation between the science-based parks and research organizations. The developed approach is applied in the case study of Tao-Chu-Myau area, where there are six science-based parks proposed by local governments, and finds that the regional cooperation can increase the coverage of population but decrease the development cost. It can be concluded that the regional cooperation planning indeed improves resource wasting and promotes the efficiency of development policy.