對外直接投資(FDI)意願之研究─以臺灣紡織業投資孟加拉為例

Abstract

台灣紡織業在1990年之後面臨生產成本提高與缺工及募集資金困難等諸多問題，因此不得不選擇外移，而台灣政府為了分散投資過度集中中國大陸，積極協助企業到其他地區進行海外投資，於孟加拉設立「台灣工業區」，為實施措施之一，然而，設立發展工業區，必須從顧客觀點，瞭解影響廠商海外投資且進駐的因素，才能成功。因此，本研究從台灣紡織業者觀點，以海外投資理論為基礎，探討影響紡織業者海外投資的因素。研究結果發現，紡織業最重視的前五項因素為「政治穩定度高」、「社會治安良好」、「租稅優惠條件佳」、「水電供應成本低」及「勞工成本低廉」。而孟加拉投資環境整體表現，以「政治穩定度高」、「社會治安良好」、「機關行政效率高」等項為最差，所以投資意願並不強，但小型企業相對於中大型企業意願較高。建議台灣政府在進行孟加拉之「台灣工業區」招商時，應加強對中大型企業宣導；而孟加拉方面應加強政治及社會面的改善，才能吸引廠商進駐。

Facing the difficulties of high production cost,insufficient labor, tight fund source, the foreign direct investment (FDI) of Taiwan textile industry is increasing. For diversifying Taiwan’s investment at China, Taiwan government encourages the manufactures to invest at the other countries. One of the projects is to establish 「Taiwan Industrial Park」 at Bangladesh. This research seeks to investigate the determinants of FDI from textile manufactures’ perspective. The research indicate that the most five important are 「high political stability」、「good social security」、「good tax-deduct terms」、「low energy cost」and「low labor cost」; Bangladesh underperforms at four determinates such as 「high political stability」、「good social security」and「high efficiency of government bureau」. Generally, Taiwan textile manufactures are reluctant to invest at Bangladesh; in comparison, small-size manufactures have more willing to invest than medium and large-size manufactures. Therefore, the suggestion for Taiwan government is to enhance the promotion for medium and large-size manufactures; for Bangladesh, is to improve the political and social side in order to solicit the investment at Bangladesh’s「Taiwan Industrial Park」.