國家創新體系對台灣發展生物晶片產業之影響

Abstract

生物晶片挾帶著精確、快速、大量平行的檢驗功能，以及廣泛應用於多元領域的能力，促使各科技先進國家紛紛視其為跨世紀的黃金產業，並投下不計其數的資源與能量企圖在如火如荼的競爭中嶄露頭角。本研究的目的便是在國家創新體系的互動機制下試圖找出生物晶片產業能在台灣深根茁壯的最佳模式與利基所在，期待作為產、官、學、研各界在發展生物晶片產業運籌帷幄的參考依據。研究重心是透過各界專家深入訪談、分析探討產業相關文獻、資料、時事資訊等，歸納彙整出國家創新體系中各子體系中對產業發展具貢獻、影響程度相當的因子，經由定量分析（層級分析AHP法）的運算，排序出執行策略方案的輕重緩急。再就研究結果，依循波特的國家競爭力鑽石結構理論提出積極建設性的建言。

研究結果顯示，我國國家創新體系下各個子系統相對於發展生物晶片產業所佔的權重如下：研究單位（權重：0.2495）、政府（權重：0.2094）、產業界（權重：0.2062）、創投資金（權重：0.1711）、學術界（權重：0.164）。這樣的研究結果驗證了生物晶片產業的特質，針對此類研發時間冗長、研發經費龐大之高風險前瞻性技術產業特性，研究單位便成為技術知識的重要轉介點，也使研究界身處國家創新體系的樞紐位置。政府（權重：0.2094）角色的重要性緊跟在後、不容輕忽，正如許多國家創新體系的研究專家學者所提出的論證，政府的運作是企業在國際間創造或持續保持競爭優勢的決定因素，並能使特定產業成為國際競爭中成功之基石。政府角色的主要任務在於開發共通性、前瞻性、關鍵性之技術，並以持續推動新興產業為其重要使命，尤其在此台灣前景晦暗不明之際，深耕新的經濟命脈更是首要之務。產業界（權重：0.2062）的重要任務在於企業本身的創新企圖與加速生物晶片商品化的速度，以期早日打入民生消費市場。學術界（權重：0.164）的權重雖居末座，但是所背負的使命卻是不容等閒視之，因為知識經濟的命脈就是培育跨領域的科技人才，這是學術界責無旁貸且永續經營的工作。

Biochip with the capability of precisely、promptly and massively parallelized examining function meets the needs of the life science researches, diagnostic, pharmaceutical , medical paradigms and so on. Therefore, countries all over the world have considered it as a star industry, and put countless resources to promote biochip industry. The purpose of this study is to find out the optimal model and niche to expand biochip industry with national innovation system in Taiwan. After going through knowledge collection by interviewing experts, and studying references , news and real time information, this study concludes various factors from NIS’s （National Innovation System） subsystems that might influence the performance of promoting biochip industry, then using the AHP-(Analysis Hierarchy Process) method to execute pairwise comparisons in order to find the priority of various strategies. According to the results of the AHP method, the research proposes strategic options by using “Diamond Model” from Michael Porter（1990） The outcomes of AHP analysis are as follows：the research institutes（AHP weight is 0.2495）,the government system（AHP weight is 0.2094）,the industry cluster（AHP weight is 0.2062）,the investment funds（AHP weight is 0.1711） and the educational academy（AHP weight is 0.1649）. The result verified the characteristics of biochip industry which makes researches institutes from NIS become the most important factor to transfer knowledge and technologies. The assistance of government is the secondly important factor, as many researches showed, a nation has become the home base for successful international competitors in an industry, so the government must well use the policy tools to enhance Taiwan biochip industry’s competitive advantages. For our results, even the academy is not the most important factor, but it has the function that provides valuable manpower, therefore, it should not be neglected.