公車停靠對號誌化路口容量之影響

Abstract

本研究調查台北市市區道路公車停靠之作業特性，並利用市區交通系 統模擬模式(UTSS)模擬公車於一般車道上進站、停靠及離站之運作行為， 據以探討公車停靠對定時號誌化路口容量之影響。影響號誌化路口容量的 因素有很多，本研究僅探討近端停靠的車道數、公車站退位距、公車到達 率、號誌週期及車流機車比等因素對號誌化路口容量的影響。 模擬結 果顯示，公車停靠對定時號誌化路口容量的影響會隨著車道數的增加而減 少；隨著公車站離下游路口的距離增加而減少；隨著公車到達率的增加而 增加；有公車停靠時，號誌週期以90秒為佳；考量車流混雜機車此一因素 時，則車道數為一車道時，以純小客車的影響最小，車道數為二、三車道 時，則以含機車之車流影響較小。 The purpose of this study is to survey the field data of operating characteristics of the bus-stop on arterial in Taipei. Based on the field data, Urban Traffic Systems Simulation (UTSS) models are calibrated and applied for the simulation on bus behaviors of arrival, stoppage, and departing at near-side bus-stop. Pre-timed signalized intersection capacity reduced by bus operation are then estimated. Factors which affect capacity, including number of lanes, the location of the bus-stop, bus arriving rate, the length of signal cycle and the ratio of motorcycles to that of the total traffic, are tested. The simulation outputs show that the impact of affected capacity of pre-timed signalized intersection decreases, when the number of lanes increases, or when the distance between bus-stop and intersection increases. By contrast, the impact increases when the rates of bus flow increase. When there is a near-side bus operation, it is better that the length of signal cycles is 90 seconds. When the factor of motorcycles on the road where there is only one lane for them is considered, the impact caused by pure car flow is less than that by total traffic.